z * . i 1 i r i Ti 1 [ i ^^ [ i HOW TO TRACK DOWN POWER-LIME GLITCHES APRIL 1990 * EC H NO LOGY -VIDEO - StEREO - COM PUT JUILD R-E's MQRSE/RTTY ETECTOR / • « lisplay Morse, code and radioteletype igaals on your computer UU.D A SOLID STATE WIPER CONTROL eat those April showers! * UHD A CAPACITANCE 'ADAPTER leas ure capacitance on your DVM NE-CHIP FREQUENCY bNVERTER jfc esighing with the . ^ ersatile NE602 '■ * RVICE ^^H .■r IIRCUIT COOKBOOK , tudio power amp ICs for| utomotive applications omputerDigest ecure your hard-disk da* rom unauthorized snoopi *••$•♦* !/'•••• -■-•- ^71 81" MS 04 1 S2.50 U.S. S2.9S CAN GERNSBACK xxvanx Ch^-rt hO"?T xx CR03 75Q45SHRR51S5MD93 04 99 SEP 90 RE FLUKE AND PHILIPS - THE GLOBAL ALLIANCE IN TEST & MEASUREMEN FLUK PHILIP! The new 80 Series is a digital meter, an analog meter, a frequency counter, a recorder, a capacitance tester, and a lot more. It's the first multimeter that can truly be called "multi" ... not only standard features, but special functions usually limited to dedicated instruments. Plus, innovations only Fluke can bring you. Like duty cycle measurements. Or recording the minimum, maximum and average value of a signal. Or the audible MIN MAX Alert™ that beeps for new highs or lows. There's even Fluke's exclusive Input Alert™ , that warns you of incorrect input connections. And a unique Flex-Stand™ and protective holster, so you can use the 80 Series almost anywhere. Make sure your next multimeter is truly multi. Cali today at 1-800-44-FLUKE, ext33. FROM THE WORLD LEADER IN DIGITAL MULTIMETERS. FLUKE S3 FLUKE 85 FLUKE 87 Wts. ohms. amps, ctate (est. audible continuity. Ireque/icy and duty cycle, capacitance. Touch Ho'd' Relalive. protective hosier with Ffex Stand" S199" Q.Wo base be actancy S kHz art Analog bafpapti & zoom "Hires year warranty S239- 0-1% basic cfc accuracy 20kKiacV Analog baro/aph & 2aom Three ytar warranty S289' 0.1% basic 6c accuracy High rKofejtnn arutog pointer Trus rms at 1 ms PEAK MSN MAX 4te ckqjt mode Back lit display fhmsyn Ntnsrt) "Suggested U.S. list pnee The new Fluke 80 Series shown actual size John Fluke Mfg. Co. Inc.. P.O Bm909awS2J0C.Evertl1.Wft 38206 U S . !06- 356- 5(00 CANAQ4; 4164907600 OTrtE Ft COU.Nf HIES' JM-3S6-55O0 1 Copynghl 1990 Jolwi FliAe Mro Co . Inc All nohls reserved ArtNn siei-FflA CIRCLE 121 ON FREE INFORMATION CAFID April 1990 Electronics Vol. 61 No. 4 33 MORSE/RTTY DETECTOR Translate those dits and dahs into plain English, Larry Ashworth, KA7AFR 43 CAPACITANCE ADAPTER Measure capacitance with your DMM and this handy add-on. Douglas A. Kohl 46 SOLID-STATE WIPER CONTROL Our windshield-wiper delay control increases your driving safety. Robert A. Heil ief CqmputzrDigest 39 GLITCHES IN THE POWER LINE What causes them and how to monitor them with the latest equipment. Vince T. Migliore PAGE 69 GLITCHES IN THE POWER LINE 69 SECURE YOUR HARD DISK WITH PC ACCESS Hard-disk security for PC's. Paul Renton EMM 49 ONE-CHIP FREQUENCY CONVERTER Simplify your RF designs with the Signetics NE602 IC Michael A. Covington 53 AUDIO AMP IC'S Put audio-power amplifier IC's to use in your car. Ray Marston SKHrHH dSSSSE; PAGE 39 ■''HJ:1;^NW: 6 VIDEO NEWS What's new in this fast- changing field. David Lachenbruch 18 EQUIPMENT REPORTS Fluke 85 Digital Multimeter and Portasol Butane-Gas- Powered Soldering Tool Kit. 59 HARDWARE HACKER Alternate energy resources Don Lancaster 64 AUDIO UPDATE Is sound quality a matter of taste? Larry Klein 66 DRAWING BOARD Let's plunge deeper into video. Robert Grossblatt 69 EDITOR'S WORKBENCH The future of computers. Jeff Holtzman 92 Advertising and Sales Offices 92 Advertising Index 12 Ask RE 93 Free Information Card 16 Letters 77 Market Center 22 New Products 58 PC Service 4 What's News > 3J O H [4 h IT' BUILD RE's MORSE RTTV . DETECTOR (fafe Bilali| Hvlildt ■ad IriiaHlllfa* W*D tWUfli HAH iTfllWim KiM *»vf (tt' V V t T T T T T. I^^H 1 BNC ATTENUATOR KIT Contains 4 attenuators — 3dB, 6dB, lOdB, 20dB; I feedlhrough and 1 termination. Thick- film circuitry for low reactances. Rugged de- sign resists shock and lasts longer. Rectangular shape stays put on the bench. Impedance: 5 OH Frequency: 1GHz. Maximum Power: IkW peak, 1W avg. VSWR 1.2:1. Attenuator Accuracy :±0.2dB. Terminations Resistance Tolerance: ±1%. $150. TEST PROBES INC. Call toll-free for catalog: 1-800-368-5719. CIRCLE 252 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD ECONOMICAL SILICON RUBBER TEST LEADS Best value in moderately priced leads. High quality, soft, silicon rubber cable. Banana plug on measuring tip accepts push -on accessories. Plugs have spring- loaded safety sleeves. Model TL1000 $14. Satisfaction guaranteed, TEST PROBES INC. Call toll-free for catalog: 1-800-368-5719. CIRCLE 253 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD No Better Probe Ever at This Price! Shown here Model SP 150 Switchable Ix-lOx 49 CIRCLE 186 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD Risetime less than 1.5 nsec. • Universal - works with all oscilloscopes • Removable Ground Lead • Excludes External Interference - even on scope's most sensitive range • Rugged - withstands harsh environments including high temperature and humidity • Advanced Strain Relief - cables last longer • Available in lOx, lx and switchable lx-1 Ox Call for free catalog and • 10 day return policy - performance and satisfaction guaranteed PROBES, INC. TPI 9178 Brown Deer Road San Diego, CA 92121 Toll Free 1.800-368-5719 1-800-643-8382 in CA Distributor in vour area CIRCLE 123 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD > 33 o WHAT'S N EWS Laser radar provides four images per second MARION SCOTT (LEFT) AND MARK GROHAM INSPECT the optics of the Sand i a laser radar. A laser radar that shows not only the distance to a sighted object, but also an image of it — and up- dates that image four times a sec- ond — has been developed and tested at Sandia National Labora- tories (Albuquerque, NM). The new laser combines some of the advantages of conventional radar with those of video imaging, and has capabilities about midway be- tween the two. Its frame rate is fast enough for possible short-range military applications. The Sandia range-imaging laser uses a small gallium-arsenide sem- iconductor laser diode that emits continuous near-infrared light that is just beyond the range of the human eye. The signal is ampli- tude modulated at 4 MHz. The phase of the return signal is mea- LASER-RADAR RANGE IMAGE OF A POSSIBLE INTRUDER. Different ranges are represented by varying shades of gray or in pseudocolor. A bush, at longer range, can be seen at right. The sky is shown with random shades because it gives no radar return. sured to obtain the range of the viewed object, and its image is dis- played on the video screen as a 64 X 64-pixel pseudocolor map. The present maximum range is about 50 meters. Future plans include efforts to integrate the electronics, replace the present low-power laser with a higher-powered one, and extend the range to the hundreds of meters necessary for a military ver- sion of the system. Controlled reproduction of superconducting materials. Researchers at Bellcore (Mid- diet own Township, NJ) have fab- ricated multi-layered supercon- g ducting materials that can be z reproduced in a controllable man- § ner, possibly overcoming a critical o obstacle to developing high-tem- !j perature superconducting devices (J, for commercial use. Bellcore's ex- S pertmental thin films, when cr cooled to near liquid-nitrogen temperatures, display the Josephson effects that are neces- sary for viable superconductive electronics. A Josephson junction is an electrical connection that al- lows the flow of low-voltage "super currents" between super- conductors. Because the connec- tion is weak, the super current can be easily controlled. Josephson junctions are present in low-temperature supercon- ducting materials, but in high- temperature superconductors they appear only at the natural boundaries between crystal grains or in specially designed structures that are not suitable for device ap- plications. Bellcore's process for fabricating high-temperature su- perconductor research prototypes offers a means to engineer and control the Josephson properties so that they recur in a highly pre- dictable fashion. The high-temperature prototype films are composed of three dis- tinct but similar layers, each made of a ceramic material that consists of copper, barium, and oxygen, along with a fourth substance: Yt- trium is used in the superconduct- ing first and third layers, while a mix of yttrium and praseodimium results in a non-superconducting middle layer that serves as the crit- ical "weak" electrical link between the others. By substituting some of the yttrium in the layers with praseodimium, the electrical properties of the layers can be sig- nificantly varied and controlled. The effect of layering of supercon- ducting and non-superconducting materials was achieved using a process known as pulsed excimer laser deposition. Because modified semiconduc- tor-processing techniques were employed to make the thin-film prototypes, Bellcore predicts that this approach could be adapted for manufacturing in large quan- tities with no significant loss in quality. Although this is only the first step toward commercial feasi- bility, possible applications for the high-temperature superconduc- tors are being considered — in- cluding using these materials as extremely sensitive magnetic field detectors for telecommunications systems, and also as integral com- ponents in microwave systems. Potential long-range applications include high-speed telecom- munications systems and comput- er logic gates. R-E AT $299.95, NO OTHER DESIGN WORKSTATION GIVES YOU SO MUCH FOR SO LITTLE PROTO BOARD BRAND Function Generator . ..sine/square/triangle ...plus TTL Large Breadboarding area holds 24 ICS ...2,500 tie points Triple Power Supply ...+5V fixed, plus two variable 5-15V 8 TTL Logic Probe Indicators Audio Speaker Two Digita Pulsers Two BNC Connectors for oscilloscopes and counters Here's PB-503, the total design workstation. It has everything! Instrumentation, including a func- tion generator with continuously variable sine/square/triangle wave forms — plus TTL pulses. Bread- boards with 8 logic probe circuits. ® Call toll-free for details GLOBAL 1-800-572-1028 SPECIALTIES OVER $600 WORTH OF WORLD CLASS TEST EQUIPMENT FOR UNDER $300! potentiometers, audio experimenta- tion speaker... pi us a lifetime guar- antee on all breadboarding sockets! You have everything you need right there in front of you! PB-503 — one super test station for under $300! Order yours today!! ■ A016 Mnterplex Global Specialties. Fndiatrm 70 Fulton Terrace. New Haven. CT 06512. company Telephone: (203) 624-3103. 6 Inteiplex Electronics. 1990. All Global Specialties breadboarding products made in USA. ProtoBoard is a registered trademark of Global Specialties. CIRCLE 192 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD And a Triple Power Supply with fixed 5VDC, plus two variable outputs ( + 5 to 15VDC and - 5 to 15VDC). Throw-in 8 TTL compatible LED indicators, switches, pulsers, > - ED C CO o z o EC 5 LU g Q < Video News • Big screens. The search, for a giant, thin replacement for the cathode-ray tube — almost as old as the cathode-ray tube itself — is intensifying. For the first time, color TV sets are being made without picture tubes — the tiny "personal" sets use liquid-crystal displays, or LCD's. That has encouraged manufacturers to search for ways to build giant LCD's. Although LCD color-TV displays as large as 14 inches have been built and demonstrated, their cost would he astronomical using present technology. Japanese manufacturers, joined by their government, have mounted a crash program to develop giant color LCD's measuring 40 inches or more diagonally. In the United States, several companies have undertaken major projects also intended to lead to giant, thin, wall-mountable color- LCD TV displays. An official of David Sarnoff Research Center in Princeton, NJ (formerly RCA Laboratories ) described such a project to a recent conference on flat information displays in Santa Clara, CA. The goal is a wall-hanging HDTV screen measuring 75 inches diagonally and not more than four inches thick, with more than 200 foot-lamberts brightness, and a contrast ratio better than 50-to-l— at a cost of less than $500. Sarnoff Labs expects to reach this goal in 10 years — but it expects Japan to be there in seven. • Another new display. A completely new type of display for high- resolution television has been proposed by Foresight, Inc., a subsidiary of Summa Medical Corporation of Phoenix, AZ. Although details of the product are still obscure because the company's patent applications haven't been granted yet, Japan's giant trading company Mitsui is planning to form a group of Japanese licensees to manufacture the system. The heart of the Foresight system is a "material" — unrevealed as yet — which "behaves effectively like an optical semiconductor in that its reaction to light can be modified electronically at very high speeds and with great resolution," according to the developer. The material, which is used to coat the face of a direct-view or projection-TV tube, is altered by an electrical signal. One of its properties is the ability to DAVID LACHENBRTTCH, CONTRIBUTING EDITOR retain its altered state until a new signal changes it. Thus only the changes in a picture need be sent to the tube. Foresight said the result can be an extremely high-definition signal using a standard NTSC signal and computerized line interpolation. The addition of microprocessor picture enhancement could result in a picture with a resolution of more than 4,000,000 pixels. • 10-Foot rear projection. The largest rear- projection TV set was demonstrated by Mitsubishi at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas in a rather large living-room setting. It has a 120 -inch diagonal picture and is designed for "home theaters" built into large homes. As displayed in subdued light, the entire wall became an almost theater-sized screen. The cost of this latest step in home-theater television is about $20,000, not counting installation. • TV- VCR combos. VCR's with built-in TVs and TV's with built-in VCR's are the latest trend, on the basis of exhibits at the Consumer Electronics Show. Ever since the introduction of the VCR there have been combinations (the first Betamax was built into a television set), but that approach has more adherents than ever today — from tiny 3-inch LCD personal-video combinations with VCR's to giant-screen televisions with slots for videocassettes. One of the major exponents of that approach is Panasonic, which introduced six new combinations at the show, each one designed for a different purpose. The smallest is a personal- video combination of VHS recorder and 4-inch LCD monitor. Next is a portable VHS with a 7- inch color TV set, operable on AC or DC. A 20- inch combination is designed to play hack videocassettes recorded in European PAL and SECAM color systems as well as NTSC. It can record in NTSC only, however. A second 20- inch combo has two tuners, so it can record one program while displaying another. Panasonic also introduced two 27-inch combinations, one that plays standard VHS cassettes and the other with a built-in Super-VHS recorder and a high- resolution TV set. R-E Radio /haek Part/ Place START SPRING PROJECTS TODAY AT RADIO SHACK Special-Order "Hotline" ■ No Minimum Order ■ No Postage Charge Your Radio Shack store manager can special -order a wide variety of parts and accessories from our warehouse —vacuum tubes, ICs. microprocessors, phono cartridges and styli, crystals, even SAMS Photofacts' 5 . No minimums, no postage charge. Just fast, direct delivery to the Radio Shack store near you. Electronic Counting Module |D I I59| Prewired! Heart of a Traffic/ Event Counter « 16 95 Counts up to 99.999. Advanced (or reset) by external switch closure or digital circuit. Count rate up to 7 Hz. Features \fe" LC display, panel -mount escutcheon and holder on back for required "AA" battery. Long battery life— draws only 4uA. 2"ft«x1%xtW With data, #277-302 Computer/Peripheral connectors Solder.Type D-Subs. Metal shield plus gold-plated pins and terminals for highest reliability. Fig. Description Cat. No. Only 1 2 3 D-Sub 9 Male D-Sub 9 Female Shielded Hood 276-1537 276-1538 276-1513 .99 1,99 1.49 *ymsxn??}? 4 :. (4) (5) (6) (7) Solderless IDC-Type Connectors Fig. Description Cat. No. Each 4 D-Sub 25 Male D-Sub 25 Female 276-1559 276-1565 3.99 3.99 5 6 7 36-POS. Male Printer 34-Pos. Card-Edge 34-Pos. Header 276-1533 276-1564 276-1525 4.99 1.99 2,49 Super Adhesive 349 Works When Others Fail Forms a secure bond to most plas- tics, metals, ce- ramics and wood. Twin-plunger dis- penser eliminates measuring and waste, #64-2305 Shunt Box Chim e & Buzzers (1) (2) (3) (1) "Ding-Dong." #273-071 . 8.99 (2) Two -Tone. #2 73-070 9.95 (3) Miniature Electronic Buzzers. Top-quality, shielded male-to- female RS-232 adapter. Wire in- cluded jumpers and board to suit your need. #276-1403 . . . 9.95 DC Voltage Cat. No, Each 1 1/2 10 3 6 12 273-053 273-054 273-055 2.19 2.19 2.19 Strobe Tube Super Bright! Long Life! Perfect for photo replacement or hobby projects and experiments. Trigger: 4 kV. Anode: 200V min. With circuit data. #272-1145 3.29 Shielded Cables Resistor Buys Tantalum Caps Service Chems (D (S) Our (3) Best! (1] Oxygen- Free Copper A.'V Cable. 6 feel. 6 mm dia. *276-1271 . . . 5.95 fl mm Diameter. #270-1272 .... 7.59 (2) Dual Mike Cable. For balanced hookups. M Ft #278-1281 19.95 (3) Super- Ft ex Mike Cable. Extra- supple. 30 ft. #278-1282 14,95 59' Each Low As High capacity in a tiny package. [2) Precision Thermistor. Resist- ance changes in proportion (o temper- ature. -50 10 +110° C. #271-110 1.99 (2) 15-Turn Trimmer Pots. 3/4 watt 1k, #271-342. 10k, #271-343. 20k, #271-340 Each 1.49 pF WVDC Cat. No. Each 0.1 0.47 : 35 35 35 272-1432 272-1433 272-1434 .59 .59 .59 22 10.0 12.0 35 ts 18 272-1435 272-1436 272-1437 .69 .79 1.19 (1) Color-TV Tuner/Control Cleaner. #64-2320 3.19 (2) Precision Lubricator. Needle-tip applicator reduces spills and waste. #64-2301, 1.69 Etch Your Own Boards 195 Extra Etchant and Pens Available Archer' ; PC Board Kit includes two 4 'fc x 3" copper-clad boards, resist-ink pen, sol- vent, etchant, layout strips/ circles, tank, special Vis" drill bit and instructions. #276-1576 Everything You Need For Two PC Boards Autoranging Probe dvm Measures to 400 volts AC/ DC and resistance. It's really handy for tight spaces. Data hold freezes display and lets you remove tester for easy reading. Has continuity sounder, low- battery indicator. Overload protected. Ready to use with batteries, manual, case. #22-165 "Pro" Soldering station 39 95 Solder Better, Faster! Selectable 15/25-walt power, grounded tip to protect sensitive com- ponents. Tip-cleaner pad. Ironclad replace- ment and surface- mount tips available. UL listed AC. #64-2057 Over 1000 items in stock! Binding Posts, Books, Breadboards, Buzzers, Capacitors, Chokes, Clips, Coax, Connectors, Fuses, Hardware, ICs, Jacks, Knobs, Lamps, Multitesters, PC Boards, Plugs, Rectifiers, Resistors, Switches, Tools, Transformers, Transistors, Wire, Zeners, More! Prices apply at parlicipaling Radio Shack stores and dealer Radio /haek A DIVISION OF TANDY CORPORATION "0 33 CIRCLE 78 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD No other training— anywhere— shows you service computers Only NRI walks you through the step-by-step assembly of a powerful AT-compatible computer system you keep— giving you the hands-on experience you need to work with, troubleshoot, and service all of today': most widely used computer systems. r ^ ^ With NRI at-home training, you get everything you need to start a money-making career, even a computer service business of your own. NEW! Now includes AT-compatible computer with 1 meg RAM and 20 meg hard drive! No doubt about it. The best way to learn to service computers is to actually build a state-of-the-art computer from the keyboard on up. As you put the machine together, performing key tests and demonstrations at each stage of assembly, you see for yourself how each part of it works, what can go wrong, and how you can fix it. Only NRI, the leader in career- building electronics training for more than 75 years, gives you such practical, real-world computer servicing experience. Indeed, no other training — in school, on the job, anywhere — shows you how to troubleshoot and service computers like NRI. You get in-demand computer skills as you train with your own AT-compatible computer system— now with 20 meg hard drive and 1 meg RAM With NRI's exclusive hands-on training, you actually build and keep the powerful new AT- compatible West Coast 1010 ES computer, complete with 1 meg RAM and 20 meg hard disk drive. You start by assembling and testing the "intelligent" keyboard, move on to test the circuitry on the main logic board, install the power supply and 5- X A " floppy disk drive, then interface your high- resolution monitor. But that's not aU. Only NRI gives you a top-rated micro with complete training built into the assembly process HARD DISK DRIVE 20 megabyte hard disk drive you install internally for greater disk storage capacity and data access speed AT COMPATIBLE COMPUTER H()2H6CPU(12MHz clock, wait states), I meg RAM (expandable to 4 meg), 1.2 meg high-density floppy disk drive. DIGITAL MULTIMETER Professional test instrument for quick and easy circuit measurements 8lT4 Your NRI hands-on training continues as you install the powerful 20 megabyte hard disk drive — today's most- wanted computer peripheral — included in your course to dramatically increase your computer's data storage capacity while giving you lightning-quick data access. Having fully assembled your West Coast 1010 ES, you take it dirough a complete series of diag- nostic tests, mastering professional computer servicing techniques as you take command of the full power of your computer's high- speed 80286 microprocessor. In no time at all, you have the confidence and die know-how to work with, troubleshoot, and service every computer on the market today. Indeed, you have what it takes to step into a full-time, LESSONS Clearcut, illustrated texts build your understanding of computers step by- step. SOFTWARE Including MS-DOS GW-BASJC, word processing, database, and spreadsheet programs. money-making career as an industry technician, even start a computer service business of your own Voice synthesis training adds an exciting new dimension to your computer skills Now NRI even includes innovadve hands-on training in voice syn- thesis, one of today's most exciting and widely applied new develop- ments in computer technology. You now train wiui and keep a full -featured 8-bit D/A converter that attaches in-line with your computer's parallel printer port. in school, on the job, how to troubleshoot and like NRI MOHITOR High-resolution, nonglare, 12" TTL monochrome monitor with till and swivel base. TECHNICAL MANUALS You get ll inside" your Packard Bell computer system with exclusive NRI Training Kit Manuals plus technical specs direct from the manufacturer. DISCOVERY LAB Complete breadboartiing system to let you design and modify circuits, diagnose and repair faults. DIGITAL LOGIC PROBE Gives you first-hand experience analyzing digital circuit operation. Using your D/A converter along with the exclusive text-to-speech software also included, you explore the fascinating technology behind both digitized and synthesized computer speech. You discover how you can use your computer to access and play back a variety of prerecorded sounds . . . you see how to add speech and sound effects to programs written in BASIC, C, Pascal, and others . . . you even learn how to produce high-quality speech directly from your own original printed text. NRI's exclusive new hands-on training in voice synthesis is just one more way NRI gives you the confidence- building experience you need to feel at home with the latest advances in computer technology No experience needed, NRI builds it in You need no previous experience in computers or electronics to succeed with NRI. You start with the basics, following easy-to-read instructions and diagrams, moving step by step from the fundamentals of elec- tronics to sophisticated computer servicing techniques. With NRI's unique Disco very Learning Method, you're sure to get the kind of practical hands-on experience that will make you fully prepared to take advantage of every opportunity in today's top-growth field of computer service. With NRI, you learn at your own pace in your own home. No classroom pressures, no night school, no need to quit your present job until you're ready to make your move. And all throughout your training, you have the full support of your personal NRI instructor and the NRI technical staff. Your FREE NRI catalog tells more Send today for your free full-color catalog describing every aspect of NRI's innovative computer training, as well as hands-on training in robotics, video/audio servicing, telecommunications, electronic music technology, and other growing high-tech career fields. If the coupon is missing, write to NRI School of Electronics, McGraw-Hill Continuing Education Center, 4401 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20008. AT is a registered trademark of International Business Midlines Corporation School of Electronics McGraw-Hill Continuing Education Center 4401 Connecticut Avenue, NW Vtehingron, DC 20008 B CHECK ONE FREE CATALOG ONLY D Computers and Microprocessors D Robotics □ TVA'ideo/Audio Servicing □ Computer Programming H For career courses approved under GI Bill □ check for details □ Security Electronics □ Electronic Music Technology □ Basic Electronics D Telecommunications Name (Please Print) Age Address CityKtuefflp Accredited Member, National Home Study Council WHO Ask R'E WRITE TO: ASK R-E Radio-Electronics 500-B Bi-County Blvd. Farmingdale, NY 11735 INFO ON LEADING-EDGE PC COMPATIBLE I have a PC-compatible comput- er, a Leading Edge model #MP-1676L. I bought it used and, unfortunately, didn't get any man- uals with it. It has a hard disk and a memory expansion card that has 384K in 64K RAM chips. The prob- lem is that the switches on the motherboard and the ones on the memory-expansion card got scrambled, and I don't have any idea how to set them. I've written to Leading Edge but haven't gotten any answer from them. — W.D., Brooklyn, NY. I'm surprised you didn't get any response from Leading Edge since I've never had any trouble with them. Maybe your letter got lost. You can write again but call- ing would be faster, at (800) 343-6833. You might have trouble getting information since you bought your computer used, and Leading Edge hasn't made them in over six years. Also, Leading Edge made them on an OEM basis for Mitsubishi, and never really sold them under their own name. The "MP" in the serial number stands for "Mit- subishi Product." If you can't get any help from Leading Edge, try Mitsubishi at (800) 227-3378. Whoever you speak to, try to get an owner's manual. If you don't have any luck, there are two authorized NY area service centers that can g help you, Computer Repair Cen- z ter at (212) 696-1296, and Auto- § tech Computer Systems at (212) tj 247-2099. Good luck. UJ _i JjJ POWER SUPPLY IMPROVEMENTS 5 I have had a 12-volt DC benefi- ts type power supply for several years. I've never had any trouble with it, but since I'm starting to experiment with digital elec- tronics, I need a 5-volt supply also. I hate to buy another supply be- cause this one works well, and I don't have much bench space. Is there any way to get 5 volts from my present supply? Or, better still, can I make it into a variable sup- ply? — D.P., Los Angeles, CA. There's good news and bad news. The bad news is that there's no easy way to convert your current supply. You didn't mention this in your letter, but I'll bet the case uses pop rivets or some other method that's diffi- cult to open. And, since you didn't send the schematic, I'm assuming you've never opened it. The good news is that you can build a separate circuit to give you both fixed and variable out- puts, and power it with your 12- volt supply. Since you already have a regu- lated DC source, you only have to add the circuit shown in Fig. 1 to generate two separate out- puts. It's very simple and, if you build it carefully, should be just as reliable as your present sup- ply. Use a plastic case to avoid shorts, and heatsink both reg- / GND O— £M3f7 '*V ./ A2-/Z VDC Z70.TL GA/D —O G/vn IOjv Your 5-V0C FIG. 1 ulators, since you can't tell how much current you'll need, or for how long. In genera), bench sup- plies have to work harder than those built for specific circuits. Both regulators are readily avail- able, and have all the neat fea- tures you need, like stable outputs and thermal shutdown. HARD DISK WOES I recently bought an ST-238 hard disk for my computer but can't make it work; the controller card is a Western Digital 27X. My com- puter is a 10-MHz AT clone and works perfectly. I've followed all the steps in the computer manual, but I keep on getting an error every time I try to access the hard disk. Any ideas? — M.M., Chicago, IL. Several ideas and one really good suspicion. Your letter was rather skimpy on details as to what you've tried, but since you have an AT and a manual (lucky you), I think I know what your problem is. Although an ST-238 can be used with any IBM clone, the controlleryou have is an 8-bit de- vice intended for an XT-class ma- chine. If you've followed all the instructions in the manual, you've undoubtedly been told to run the AT setup program, and tell the machine that you have a hard disk as drive one. That is normal procedure for a 16-bit AT controller card. Since you're using an 8-bit controller, you have to tell the computer during setup that you're not using a hard disk. That may seem strange, but if you didn't do it, it's the most likely cause of your problem. The reason has to do with de- ciding who controls the hard 12 PROFESSIONAL BOOKS only when you join the ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS & DESIGNERS BOOK CLUB 5 UM2NKNMIMO r U825 SI 9 -95 9821 $39.95 9789 S49.SQ on^raphsl I EPROMS •ir-!4P 918,95 101 SOLDERLESS BREADBOABDING PROJECTS 3439 929.95 2962P 917.95 2985 924.99 All books are hardcover unless number Is lollowod by a "P" liv papBrbaok. ©1990 EEOBC. Blue Hidge Summit. PA 17294-0860 3059 934.95 Counts as 2 BASIC a Engineers 9808 S34.95 r^KIV 1 11,'i^.Vfl l*i ipS H IBM COMBSMl 2672 $49,50 3131 $24.95 3212 $34.95 Counts as 2 2809 $27.95 How the Club Works YOUR BENEFITS: You get 3 books for $4.95 plus shipping and handling when you join. You keep on saving with discounts up to 5056 off as a member. YOUR PROFESSIONAL BOOKSTORE BY MAIL: Every 3-4 weeks, you will receive the E&&D Book Club News describing the Main Selection and Alternates, as well as bonus offers and special sales, with scores of titles to choose from. AUTOMATIC ORDER: if you want the Main Selection, do nothing and it will be sent to you automatically. If you prefer another selection, or no selection at all, simply indicate your choice on the reply form provided. As a member, you agree to purchase at least 3 books within the next 2 years and may resign at any time thereafter. BONUS BOOKS: Starting immediately, you will be eligible for our Bonus Book Plan, with savings of up to 80% off publishers' prices. IRONCLAD NO-RISK GUARANTEE: If not satisfied with your books, return them within 10 days without obligation! EXCEPTIONAL QUALITY: All books are quality publishers* editions especially select- ed by our Editorial Board. (Publishare' Prices Shown) Vour source for quality, affordable and timely authoritative engineering books. ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS & DESIGNERS BOOK CLUB-'-' Blue Ridge Summit, PA 17294-0860 YES! Please accept my membership in ihe Electronics Engineers & Designers Book Club SM and send my 3 volumes listed below, billing me $4.95 plus shipping and handling. If not satisfied, I may return the books within 10 days without obligation and have my membership cancelled. 1 agree to purchase 3 or more books at regu- lar Club prices during the next 2 years, and may resign at any time thereafter. Name Address City _ Stale Zip. Signature Valid for new members only. Foreign applicants will receive special ordering instructions. Canada mm( remit in U.S. funds. This Older subject to acceptance by UK Becironici Enginten & [kfignrrs Book Gtib. DRE490 CIRCLE 190 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD > 30 SD to o 13 /* "\ mw* CIRCLE 108 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD disk, the computer or the con- troller. Without getting into nit- ty-gritty detail, there are two basic steps your computer has to do to talk to the hard disk. It has to know the disk's logical struc- ture (the number of heads and tracks), and second, and how to control the mechanics to move the heads to a specific track and read a sector. In an XT-class machine, all the hard-disk operations are left to the controller. You tell it what you want, and it translates your request to tracks (cylinders, to be precise), gives the disk the necessary commands to move the heads, and either writes data to the disk or gets the data you're asking for. By contrast, AT-class machines have the hard-disk translation ta- bles in ROM, and rely on the controller only to operate the drive mechanics — not to do any translations. If you used the set- up program and told the com- puter it had a hard disk connected to it, you'll get an er- ror because the controller is sit- ting between the ROM-based translation tables and the hard disk itself. Rerun the setup program, and tell the machine you don't have a hard disk attached. Then, format the drive using the controller firmware, just like you would if you were working on an XT. Run DEBUG, and once you're at the dash prompt, type C = C800:5 (no spaces). Follow the screen in- structions and, until you get more familiar with the ques- tions, accept all defaults. The firmware will do a low- level drive formatting, and then you'll have to reboot. Next, run FDISK, and keep pressing RE- TURN to accept the defaults; that will put a DOS partition on the disk. Both FDISK and DEBUG are on the DOS distribution disks. You can then use the FORMAT program to prepare the hard disk (think of it as a big floppy). If you're not sure about any of this and worried about doing it wrong, get help from someone local who is more familiar with IBM clones. 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I F I S 15 Letters WZi 17 lit © LETTERS AAO/0~EL£CTX OWG S, 5qo~3 st- cowry o°ul£ yard FAKM/NSMLE, N Y f/7AS w o Q < a. SUPER SURROUND SOUND I must tell you that I've been a subscriber for quite a few years and I will never stop the subscrip- tion, I wanted to let you know that I've build the surround-sound de- coder from the April 1988 issue of Radio-Electronics, and the sub- woofer simulator from the May 1988 issue. I also built the width circuit and the center-channel sec- tion of the acoustic field generator from the January 1990 issue. I am so impressed with those designs that l can't stop bragging about my system. It sounds exactly like a theater — or maybe even bet- ter. Now I automatically look for a rental tape with the Dolby logo on it, particularly Dolby-Surround, We get popcorn, turn off the lights, and the whole family flips out. It's fantastic! Thanks for sharing your exper- tise. You're doing a beautiful job! RICH CIAFARDINI Queensbury, NY NOT-SO-COLD FUSION Don Lancaster's columns on cold fusion (Radio-Electronics, Au- gust and September 1989) were most welcome— I've been some- what out of touch and I'm still try- ing to come up to date on the subject. In the early 1950's I met a Dr. Johnson from MIT who claimed to have melted the cathode in a Crookes-tube-type apparatus with very low input energy. He at- tributed that to fusion of the hy- drogen or deuterium in the platinum or palladium cathode (I can't remember precisely which materials he used). Although I've never been in a position to test Dr. Johnson's claims, it occurs to me that many a hacker might be, and that the idea should be spread. It would be far better for that principle to be made available in the public do- main than to be patented, because the world so urgently needs a good power source. The prevalent idea now seems to be that Pons made some mistake in his heat measurements, but how about the reported meltings and explosions? Such phenomena would be hard to think of as mere imaginings, and if there is any- thing a good chemist knows, it is how to make measurements of such phenomena as heat genera- tion. If there is any question as to why cathodes should explode, I would like to advance the thought that helium formed within the metal would almost surely be slow to es- cape as compared to the rate at which hydrogen could be ab- sorbed. The resultant pressure could be immense. For a possible future power ap- plication, I would suggest a tube of suitable metal (PD or PT) with a wire anode with ends made of in- sulating material drawn through its axis, D 2 or H 2 , the gases, would be present at low pressure, charac- teristic of Crooke's tubes. The tu- bular cathode could be expected to become very hot, and should be immersed in water, forming a structure similar to a fire-tube boiler. Of course, the entire appa- ratus should be placed in an un- derground, or otherwise shielded vault, for protection against possi- ble radiation or explosion. In the ultimate development the fusion might not be so cold after all. Perhaps the cathode must be allowed to melt, and to form a pool from which the helium could es- cape readily, eliminating the ex- plosion hazard. A problem of containment for the high-melting noble metals would then arise; that is the sort of problem any hacker would love. I have tried to make my own lit- tle wet setup, using titanium for the cathode, but have had trouble finding a proper cheap anode. No common metal works, because of oxidation. Silicon should work better, but is not readily available to me. THOMAS ROSS Freeiand, WA CUSTOMER SATISFACTION When I decided to build the 386SX PC from the articles that ap- peared in the June, July, and Au- gust 1989 issues of Radio-Elec- tronics, the first thing I did was to contact Peripheral Techology for the parts. The people there are first rate: Whenever I had a ques- tion they were helpful and courteous in their responses. I had a few problems along the way (a defective power supply zapped the chips), and the people at Pe- ripheral Technology replaced or repaired the parts and shipped the system back to me at no charge. It works just fine now, and I'm writ- ing commend Peripheral's respon- sible and honest manner of doing business. I will continue to do business with them as I upgrade the system, and would recom- mend them to anyone involved with PC's. CHARLES F. FLAHERTY Waukegan, IL TERRIFIC TRANSMITTER I just wanted to comment on how impressed I was with the "TV Transmitter" article by Rudolf F. Graf and William Sheets that ap- peared in the June and July 1989 issues. I ordered the kit and re- 16 ceived it promptly. When I hit a few snags, 1 called the suppliers and received clear and accurate advise. After the kit was com- pleted, I followed the tuning in- structions, and Voila! it worked! The transmitter's design is quite remarkable, using some pretty ordinary electronic components. Hats off to the authors for providing a reliable, "do-able," mail-order kit, and to Radio-Elec- tronics for making it available to folks like me. LES MALZMAN Portland, OR ETCH ANT TANK DESIGN I am writing about a very small, but potentially disastrous, design oversight in the "Etchant Tank" de- scribed in the December 1989 is- sue of Radio- Electronics. As a tropical-fish owner, I can assure you that if you locate the air pump below the level of the etchant or water in any tank you are inviting trouble. There is a very good chance that if the power fails, or one of the reed or flap valves fails, you will get a siphon effect — causing a great big mess. As for the letter from Michael Catudal, which appeared in the same issue, I suggest that he visit a hamfest to get an idea about the real hobbyist world. The 2716 EPROM is far from obsolete. I sup- pose he has an 80486-based com- puter that runs at breakneck speed. C'mon, Michael, join the real world! PHILCLINE Indianapolis, IN CORRECTION In our "Universal Laboratory Power Supply" construction article (Radio-Elec- tronics, March 1990) a couple of errors need correcting; * In the schematic (Fig. 1), pin 7 of IC2 is shown connected to R14. It should be connected to the output of IC1 . The bot- tom ot R14 should instead be connected to pin 2 of IC2. * The Parts Placement diagram (Fig. 3) shows the incorrect connection for meter M2. Follow the schematic for the proper way to hook up M2 and it's corresponding current switch, S2. * The parts list and ordering information incorrectly identify Qi and Q2, which are MJ15023 transistors. A New AOR Scanner 100 Channels Low, Air, High, UHF & 800MHz AR950 Tol 3 1 Phc«. Freight Prepaid (Express Shipping Option*,!) $900-00 ! 299 • Perfect for base or mobile. Includes AC and DC power cords, mobile mount hardware and 2 antennas. - Covers 37-54MHz. 10B- 174MHz, 406-5 12MHz and 630-9S0MH2. • 5 Scan Banks and 5 Search Banks ■ 25 Day Satisfaction Guarantee ■ No Frequencies Cut Out. • Size: 3'/TH x 5y s "W x 7WTJ. Wt.: 2 lb. 10 oz. COMMUNICATIONS MJ0J E, 106th SI. 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Model 2120 20 MHz DUAL-TRACE DELAYED SWEEP SCOPE 1 mV/div sensitivity - Delayed sweep irt 1 3 ranges - Built-in camponenl - tLAL tester for (QfMtilors i ndu t tors d iodes, transistors, zener diodes * 20WH; re K&Q, P*t V sponse at true -3-d B * AUTO/NORM triggered sweep operation wilh AC m lYH r TW and Line coupling - Calibre-led- 20 step limeW with xl magnifier w * X-Y operation - Built-in calibration source ■ Bright, sharp CRT with P3-1 phosphor * Hit stand; self handle. Probes, ?-yr, warranty intl Model 2 1 25 60 MHz DUAL-TRACE DUAL TIME BASE SCOPE 1 mV/div sensitivity • sweep la 5 ns/div - 22 calibrated range; - main lime Ran §]0QQ bra ■ 1 9 (alibi nled rouges - delayed time hose ■ 1 2 W acccleralin g m It J 1 ■ age - Signai delay line ■ Beom finder - V mode - Component lester - Chon- nel I oulpul, Z axis Input • X- Y operation * Single sweep. 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Prate*, ?- j!'. ffcrr rjiify included . model 2522 $% $1248°° 1 m'i'/civ «e i inch) soldering tip, and three other tips that convert the tool into a blow torch, a hot-air blower, and a hot knife. A tip- cleaning sponge, a safety stand, and a cap (that doubles as a flint lighter) complete the kit. The soldering tool measures about 6 1 /2 inches with a tip in place, and less than 7 inches with the cap on. Full of fuel and with a tip in \ CAP FLINT LIGHTER CATALYTIC CONVERTER TEMPERATURE - CONTHOL SHUT-OFF VALVE FUEL TANK REFILL PORT FIG. 1 place, the soldering iron weighs just over 2 ounces. It's certainly light enough to feel at home in a shirt pocket — which is probably why a shirt-pocket clip is included on the cap. In continuous use, a single fill- ing of butane provides about 90 minutes of use. When that runs out, standard butane cigarette- lighter fuel can be used to refill the Portasol. A catalytic converter in the soldering tip provides heat from a flameiess combustion (ex- cept, of course, when the blow- torch tip is in place). An adjustable temperature control on the bot- tom of the tool provides the equiv- alent of a 10-60-watt soldering iron. The cap contains a flint lighter which uses standard, replaceable flints. After lighting, it takes the Portasol soldering tool slightly over one half minute to come up to operating temperature. When you're finished, the cap can be re- placed immediately. As a safety feature, replacing the cap auto- matically shuts off the gas on/off control. While convenience and portability are certainly good rea- sons to choose the Portasol butane gas-powered soldering tool, there's yet another good rea- son: There is virtually no risk of leakage current that could damage sensitive circuits. The Portasol P-1K took kit sells for $54.95. The soldering iron itself (the model P-1) is available for $29.99, including a 3 /32-inch tip. It's a bargain for anyone who is look- ing for cordless convenience. If you find yourself in remote or lim- ited-space situations, then you know that this portable soldering tool will pay for itself virtually the first time you need it. R-E DIGITAL VIDEO STABILIZER ELIMINATES ALL VIDEO COPY PROTECTIONS While watching rental WARNIMfi " movies, you will nolice an- «**•"»•."« - noylng periodic color epn darkening, color shift, un- v\s\J wanted lines, (lashing or EleCtrOnJCS and fagged edges. This is Dv|| _■„,„_ _,„ caused by the copy protec- hxii dealers do Son jamming signals em- n _f pnrnllrgnA bedded In the video lape, no1 enCOUrage such as Hacrovijlon copy people tO USe protection. 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Valley Stream NY 11580 Unconditional 30 days Money Back Guarantee CIRCLE 196 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD CABLE TV DESCRAMBLER lUnit 10 + JerroldS.B $74 $55 Jerrold SB w/Trimode $90 $70 Oak N-12 (w/VS) $89 $65 Scientific Atlanta $109....$75 Pioneer $109... .$75 Panasoni c converter $98 $79 73 channel converter $79......$59 We Beat Anyone's Price! 30 Days Money Back Quaranty Free Catalog Visa, M/C, COD or send money order to; US Cable TV Inc. Dept.KAw 4100 N.Powertine Rd., Suite F-4 Pompano Beach, Fl 33073 1-800-445-9285 Please have make and model number of the equipment used in your area ready. No Florida Sales! It's not the intent of US Cable TV Inc. to defraud any pay TV operator and we will not assist any company or individual in doing so. CIRCLE 197 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD > -rj ID CD O 19 Put Professional Knowledge and a COLLEGE DEGREE in your Technical Career through HOME STUDY « en g z o t£ H O Add prestige and earning power to your technical career by earning your Associate or Bachelor degree through directed home study. Grantham College of Engineering awards accredited degrees in electronics and computers. An important part of being pre- pared to move up is holding the right college degree, and the abso- lutely necessary part is knowing your field. Grantham can help you both ways — to learn more and to earn your degree in the process. Grantham offers two degree pro- grams — one with major emphasis in electronics, the other with major emphasis in computers. Associate and bachelor degrees are awarded in each program, and both pro- grams are available completely by correspondence. No commuting to class. Study at your own pace, while continuing on your present job. Learn from easy-to-understand lessons, with help from your Grantham instruc- tors when you need it. Write for our free catalog (see address below), or phone us at toll-free [-800-955-2527 (for catalog requests only) and ask for our "degree catalog." • Accredited by the Accrediting Commission of the National Home Study Council EQUIPMENT REPORT continued from page 18 GRANTHAM College of Engineering § 10570 Humbolt Street s Los Alamitos, CA 90720 20 Features Although the basic specifica- tions of the Fluke 85 are, indeed, impressive, they tell only half the story. For example, one of our fa- vorite features is a min/max recording mode in which the meter stores the lowest and high- est readings while also calculating the true average of all the readings taken over a period as long as 24 hours. It's ideal for catching inter- mittents, or jut to take readings while you are operating the equip- ment under test and can't watch the meter. We used the meter to measure the AC line voltage over a 12-hour period, and found that it ranged from 104.0 volts to 124.4 volts, with an average of 120.6 volts. Two recording modes, one with a 100-ms response time, the other, a "high-accuracy" mode with a 1- second response time are offered. Every time a new minimum or maximum reading registers, the meter's beeper will sound, min/ max readings are available for volt- age, current, resistance, and fre- quency measurements. A relative-measurement mode is also available. For relative mea- surements, a reading is stored in memory. The display shows the difference between the stored val- ue and subsequent readings. In the relative-measurement mode, the analog bargraph — which acts just like an analog meter needle in most modes — be- comes a zero-center meter. In the other modes, the bargraph can make certain measurements much easier than is normally possible with digital meters. Peaking or nulling a signal, for example, can be seen easily with the bargraph, while changing digital displays usually cause confusion. An alternate frequency-counter mode makes it possible to mea- sure the duty cycle of input sig- nals. Positive- or negative-edge triggering is selectable. The little things count The technical specifications and the measurement features of the Fluke 85 are enough to recom- mend the meter to anyone who needs to make a wide range of accurate measurements. But it's the "little things" that the meter offers that really show off Fluke's test-equipment experience. The front-panel knob and push- buttons are clearly marked and easy to use. However, as with just about every other DMM, it's nec- essary to switch the test leads if you switch from voltage to current measurements. We all know how easy it is to forget to switch the leads. That's why Fluke incorpo- rates a beeper that lets you know that the leads are not inserted cor- rectly for the measurement you want to make. It's sure to greatly reduce the number of blown safe- ty fuses caused by neglecting to switch leads. A touch-hold feature, which freezes the display, also makes the Fluke 85 easier to use. A holsterwith Fluke's Flex-Stand is included with the meter. The bright yellow holster not only makes the meter easy to find, it offers an added degree of protec- tion. The Flex-Stand tilt bale can be used to stand the meter up. But because the bale is flexible, it can be used to hang the meter over a convenient protuberance, includ- ing your belt. Two test-probe clips hold the probes for storage. The probes can be clipped in the holster in operating position, which allows you to use the meter much as you would a logic probe. The Fluke 85 sells for $239. Two other meters round out Fluke's 80 Series. The $199 Fluke 83 offers the same features of the Fluke 85, but with lower accuracy and frequency response. The $289 Fluke 87 offers not only greater accuracy, but ex- tra features as well. For example, the Fluke 87 offers a 4 Va- digit (20,000 count) display, and back- lighting, too. Like the other meters in the series, the Fluke 87 features a min/max mode. But it goes one better by adding a peak min/max mode that can capture transients to 1 millisecond or sine- wave peaks to 400 Hz. If you are in the market fora new multimeter, don't make a decision until you give at least a serious look to Fluke's 80 Series. They rep- resent the state of the art of digital multimeters. R-E RCAJPUTR • PAUL WHITEMAN has turned to us in desperation. He needs a copy of the schematic or, better yet, the service manual for an AB Systems' power amplifier, model 1201a. He'd gladly pay fair costs and the postage to send it to 404 Dawes Road, Toronto, Ontario, M4B 2E4, Canada. • When G.H.M. requested the service manual for a Fisher400\n a previous issue of Radio-Elec- tronics, a few readers were kind enough to respond — and one of them now has a request of his own. MICHAEL WOLIN needs factory- service information on a KLH model 40 tape recorder (the latest, "improved" model). His address is 440 Pratt Street, Long- mont, CO 80501. • A long-time Radio-Electronics reader from across the Atlantic, SAM HOSENBOCUS, would like to correspond with American electronics hobbyists. 'He is par- ticularly interested in the sur- veillance field, and would like to exchange information and di- agrams. Write to him at 13 Vic- toria Terrace, Leeds LS3 1BX, W. Yorkshire, England. • DENNIS BETZ is in the dark without the parts list for his Tigersuarus 210/ A power amp, made by Southwest Technical Products of Texas, in the mid-1970's. If you have a copy of the parts list, or can point him in the right direction, write to 125 N. Railroad St., Annville, PA 17003. • WALDO ARNHOLZ never ex- pected to be writing to Radio- Electronics for help. However, all his efforts to find a complete schematic of the chassis of his Audiophonic stereo receiver, model SR-2150, have left him empty-handed. He'd like to hear from anyone with either the manufacturer's address or the schematic, and he's willing to pay for the schematic copy. Send the information to 1925 Hollow View Drive, Bettendorf, IA 52722. Electronics MSM ELEVEN-PIECE RACHET TOOL KIT Includes reversible ratchet handle, extension bar, six bits, two precision screwdrivers, and a cutter. Comes in fitted case. Get one for your shop, another for your car, another for your tool kit. To order send £11.75 USA shipping only. ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY TODAY INC., PO Box 240, Massapequa Park, NY 11762-0240. THE MODEL WTT-20 IS ONLYTHE SIZE OF A DIME, yet transmits both sides ot a tele- phone conversation to any FM radio with crystal clarity. Telephone line powered - never needs a battery! Up to '/* mile range. Adjusta- ble from 70-130 MHZ. Complete kit $29.95 + $1.50 S + H. Free Shipping on 2 or more! COD add $4. Call or send VISA. MC, MO. DECO INDUSTRIES, Box 607, Bedford Hills, NY 10507. (914) 232-3878. CIRCLE 127 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD CALL NOW AND RESERVE YOUR SPACE » 6 x rate $940.00 per each insertion. * Fast reader service cycle. » Short lead time for the placement of ads. • We typeset and layout the ad at no additional charge. Call 516-293-3000 to reserve space. Ask tor Arline Fishman. Limited number of pages available. Mail materials to: mini-ADS, RADIO-ELECTRONICS, 500- B Bi-County Blvd., Farmingdale, NY 11735. CABLE TV CONVERTERS AND DE- SCRAMBLERS SB-3 S79.00 TRI-BI $95.00 MLD-$85.00 M35B $89.00 JRX-DIC $129.00 Special combos available. We ship COD. Quantity discounts. Call for pricing on other products. Dealers wanted. FREE CATALOG, We stand behind our products where others fail. One year warranty. ACE PRODUCTS. P.O. Box 582, Saco, ME 04072 1 (800) 234-0726. CIRCLE 75 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD SIM PLY SNAP THE WAT-50 MINI ATUREFM TRANSMITTER on top of a 9v battery and hear every sound in an entire house up to 1 mile away! Adjustable from 70-130 MHZ. Use with any FM radio. Complete kit $29.95 + S1.50 S + H. Free shipping on 2 or more! COD add $4. Call or send VISA, MC, MO. DECO INDUSTRIES, Box 607, Bedford Hills, NY 10507. (914) 232-3878. CIRCLE 127 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD > "0 3J to CO o 21 New Products IEEE-488 BUS ANALYZER. For detecting and analyzing bus difficulties such as pro- gram errors, incomplete de- vice responses, timing er- rors, incompatible instru- ments or software, and cable problems, ICS Elec- tronics has introduced the tCS 4811 Analyzer. The small, self-contained ana- lyzer can be used to monitor bus traffic or as a dedicated data-acquisition system. When set to the handshake mode, the 4811 can act like any other IEEE-488 device. With the handshake disabled, it can be transparent to the con- troller and other instru- ments on the bus. It can be programmed to emulate a device responding to ad- dressed requests for system debugging and, when con- figured as a pattern gener- ator, the 4811 can provide high-speed data and com- mand output. The versatile device can function as the system controller or as a controller emulator for full- system tests. Weighing less than eight pounds and requiring no external power supply or computer, the bus analyzer can be carried to any testing site. Its nonvolatile 128K CIRCLE 35 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD memory lets the unit store data and analyze it at an- other location, or send it to a computer. For uploading and downloading to a PC, the 4811 also comes with a standard RS-232 port. The included software al- lows optional interactive control and data display of all analyzer functions from any DOS-based instrument, without impacting system operation. The config function, located on the front-panel membrane key- pad, is used to select the function, number base, se- rial parameters, and other functional parameters. Those setup parameters can be stored and recalled for subsequent use. The ana- lyzer's 8-line x 40-character LCD shows bus data in ei- ther ASCII, octal, hex, bin- ary, decimal, or in dis- assembled bus mnemonics. The ICS 4811 Analyzer costs $1995.00; an optional MS-DOS software package, which provides extensive post-processing and analy- sis of bus data, costs $500.00.— ICS Electronics Corporation, 2185 Old Oakland Road, San Jose, CA 95131. 12-BIT A/D CONVERTER. Alpha Products' FA-154 is a high-speed, 12-bit analog- to-digital converter de- signed for high-speed data acquisition and signal pro- cessing. Its conversion speed is only 10jxs, and each co of its eight input channels y will accept 0-5-volt signals. O A variable-gain amplifier h permits the reading of sig- ft nals less than 1 LSB (1 .2 mV). uj The FA-154 runs on all I BM- g PC bus machines, Apple ll's, g Commodores, Tandy, and rx other computers. *fe '* % %M CIRCLE 36 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD The FA-154 analog-to-digi- tal converter costs $179.00.— Alpha Products, 242 West Avenue, Darien, CT 96820. DUAL DATA ANALYZER. Containing two BERT's, two data-iine monitors, and two terminal emulators in one compact package, the Gemini 1022 from Telecom Analysis Systems (TAS) sim- plifies bench-top testing of data-communications equipment such as mod- ems, ISDN terminal adapt- ers, and DDS sets. It performs bit error-rate, throughput, and polling- performance tests at rates up to 72 kilobytes per sec- ond. The tests can be run simultaneously at both ends of the communications path, cutting in half the amount of equipment needed for an end-to-end test. A built-in call-setup fea- ture eliminates the need for separate data terminals, line monitors, and A/B switches when testing auto-dial mod- ems, which reduces the cost and complexity of modem-testing arrange- ments. Gemini uses a vari- ety of protocols to commu- nicate with modems, and also monitors and displays modem call-setup com- mands, as well as command responses. CIRCLE 37 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD The analyzer can be con- trolled either through its front-panel keypad and dis- play or through its built-in RS-232 and GPIB interfaces. The simple control-inter- face commands make it easy to incorporate the unit into automatic modem-test systems. A built-in RS-232- to-CPlB protocol converter allows control of several pieces of GPIB equipment from a single RS-232 port. Its plug-in software cartridge makes it easy to add more features later, and Gemini can be combined wilh other products from TAS to make a compact, completely au- tomatic, modem-test sys- tem. The Gemini 1022 dual data analyzer costs $5950.00.— Telecom Analysis Systems, Inc., 34 Industrial Way East, Eatontown, NJ 07724. 22 WRIST-STRAP TESTER. De- signed to detect malfunc- tions or breakage in wrist- strap assemblies, Plastic Systems' WT-6600 also en- hances ESD protection. The device also detects inade- quate contact between band and operator. CIRCLE 38 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD The tester is accurate, portable, and easy to use in electronics and other fields where ESD is a concern. The tester indicates hazard at readings of less than 470 kilohms, ok at less than 10 megohms and higher than 470 kilohms, and caution at readings higher than 10 megohms. The WT-6600 wrist-strap tester costs $100.00.— Plas- tic Systems, Inc., 261 Cedar Hill Street, Marlboro, MA 01752. MOUNTING KIT. The MSIO mounting kit is designed to make the CALEX XW-series "U"-case-size DC-to-DC converters readytouse.The CALEX XW DC-to-DC con- verter series includes six single- and six dual-output units with up to 30 watts of isolated and highly regu- lated low-noise output power. Single-output units have input-voltage ranges of 9-36 or 20-72 volts; the dual-output units have 9-1 8-, 18-36-, or 36-72-volt input ranges. CIRCLE 39 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD The MS-10 converter con- sists of a PC board, eight single-pin gold-plated sock- ets, and input/output barri- er strips for easy screw- driver connections. The kit is constructed of '/i6-inch glass epoxy and measures 3.25 by 6.3 inches. There are four holes in the board, on 2.75 x 5.5-inch centers, for chassis mounting. The MS-10 DC-to-DC con- verter kit costs $36.00; the XW converters range in price form $160.00 to $165.00.— CALEX Mfg. Co., Inc., 3355 Vincent Road, Pleasant Hill, CA 94523. DIGITAL PANEL METERS. Measuring less than 1x2 inches, the ACCULEX DP-352] and DP-352K ther- mocouple-input Digital Panel Meters (DPM's) have large 3.5-digit LED displays that can be read in direct sunlight as well as in low- light situations. The high- performance DP-352) and DP-352K support J- and K- type thermocouples, re- spectively. They provide CIRCLE 40 ON FREt INFORMATION CARD cold junction compensa- tion and display directly in degrees Centigrade. A full- scale display range of 0-200°C is standard. Screw- terminal connectors for both primary operating power and direct signal in- put allow quick and easy field installation. The DP-352j/K's full dif- ferential input and dual- slope integrating A/D con- verters, combined with common-mode rejection capability of greater than 86 dns, allow precise tem- perature measurements even under poor environ- mental and electrical condi- tions. Their accuracy is rated to 1% full scale (±1 digit) with an operating temperature range of 0-50°C. Cut Your Video Servicing Time By 54% With the Market Proven VA62 Universal Video Analyzing System. Today's VCRs. TVs, and MTS Stereo TVs require a proven method to quickly isolate the defective component. New technology has made simple problem solving a time-consuming and expensive procedure. A survey of over 1 500 Video Analyzer owners has shown that the VA62's unique signal substitution method has reduced their video servicing time by an average of 54%, and increased their servicing profits. You can join the successful service centers that have cut their video servicing time and increased their profits with the VA62 Universal Video Analyzing System. Call for a brochure on the VA62. Call 1-800-SEKCORE and increase your profits. In Canada also call 1-800-SENCQRE. 31 3200 Sencore Drive, Sioux Falls, SD 57107 CIRCLE 177 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD 100% American Made 23 With a low +5 volts DC at 250 rnA primary operating power, the DPM's can be used for field/mobile use or as standard temperature monitors for automotive/ marine/avionics applica- tions. Other applications in- clude energy management; electronic test and burn-in chambers; marine, auto- motive, and medical instru- mentation; petrochemical processing; and bio- chemical and biomedical R&D. The DP-352J and DP-352K thermocouple-input digital panel meters each cost $119.00. — ACCULEX, A MetraByte Company, 440 Myles Stand ish Blvd., Taun- ton, MA 02780. PIN-FIN HEAT SINK. A cast- aluminum, pin-fin heat sink for cooling 14x14- and 15 x 15-pin array (PGA) pack- ages is now commercially available from Aavid Engi- neering, Model 567900 is made in a high-conductivity aluminum alloy cast in a staggered-pin configura- CIRCLE 41 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD tion, providing highly effi- cient cooling for those popular PGA packages. The advanced aluminum- casting technology used in their manufacture produces a denser, more thermally efficient heat sink than is possible to attain using con- ventional die casting. En- hanced conductivity, com- bined with the efficient pin- fin cooling surface, ensures low semiconductor tem- peratures at high power- output levels. The heat sink provides rapid heat dissipation for any high-speed, high- power (greater than 3 watts) PGA package — including bi- polar, BICOS, and high- density CMOS. Model 567900 has a thermal resis- tance of 8°C/W with a load of 5-watts under natural con- vection. The mounting sur- face is smooth and flat, with an edge stop for simplified self-fixing and adhesive bonding. The heat sink is available in black-anodized and gold-chromate finishes. The model 567900 pin-fin heat sink costs $1.63 in lots of 1000.- — Aavid Engineering, Inc., One Kool Path, P.O. Box 400, Laconia, NH 03247, S-VHS TESTING OPTION, An optional add-on for sev- eral color-TV pattern gener- ators from John Fluke Mfg. Co. provides the capability to test Super-VHS VCR's. The PM 9553 V7Coption pro- vides the separate lumi- nance (Y) and chrominance (C) signals used in S-VHS re- cording and playback to re- duce cross-contamination CIRCLE 42 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD between the signals. Its ver- satility is further enhanced by its standard RGB-output signals. The PM 9553 Y/C option fits in the PM 5514V, PM 5515, and PM 5518 (pictured here) color pattern gener- ators. It can be installed at the time of purchase or retrofitted to existing pat- tern generators. Factory installed, the PM 9553 Y/C option carries a list price of $600,00.— John Fluke Mfg. Co., Inc., P.O. Box 9090, Everett, WA 98206; Tel. 800-443-5853. SOLDERING SYSTEM. With its patented "thermal thrust" tip design, the Ungar 9910HC delivers 40% higher thermal capacity than micro irons that use m o z o ID _l ID 6 i 24 KENWOOD OSCILLOSCOPES If you want better measurements, cheek these figures out ANALOG OSCILLOSCOPES W/0 READOUT CS-1021 20MHz, Dual Channel CS-5135 40MHz 2CH, 4-Trace, CS-5155 50MHz 3CH, 6-Trace, CS-5165 60MHz 3CH , 6-Trace, CS-2150 150MHZ4CH, 3-Trace, Delayed Sweep Delayed Sveep Delayed Sveep Delayed Sveep ANALOG OSCILLOSCOPES ^/READOUT/CURSORS CS-5130 40MHz 2CH, 4-Trace, Delayed Sveep CS-6140 Analog 40MHz/100MHz (Equivalent Sampling) 2CH, Readout Cursor C5-5170 100MHz, 2CH, 4-Trace, Delayed Sveep CS-6010 100MHz, 4CH, 10-Trace, Delayed Sweep CS-6020 150MHz, 4CH , 10-Trace, Delayed Sveep DIGITAL STORAGE OSCILLOSCOPE CS-B010 Digital Storage Oscilloscope 2CH, Readout/Cursor 10M Samples/Sec. 20MHz Real Time REGULAR 519.00 895.00 995.00 1095.00 2395.00 1095.00 1395.00 1695.00 1995.00 2395.00 1495.00 SA!,l: 399.95 719.95 819.95 B99.95 1495.95 899.95 999.95 1399.95 1699.95 1999.95 1299.95 INT t™*uet» Inlimaltsntl I 8931 Brookville Rd. Silver Spring, Md . 20910 I GOO) 638-2020 (301) 5B7-7824 Fax (301 ) 5B5-5402 Easy Order fax Line (800) 545-0058 Kenwood Test Equipment. tan the company you've been listening to for years. 'Moi'llCOrdJ VISA' 800-638-2020 Complete Kenwood Line Available "Call For Your Price Quotations" CIRCLE 194 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD THE ELECTRONIC GOLDMINE INKKARKI) DCTKCTOH KIT nibtiy id respond te all l]rp*» at hsiincd TV, VcM. *«. remoM EcmrrMkT* *n*l t.FDS b-j- t-rmluL in,( u-iMdii ukl lifting i briffal red LED. Gmt Tor im*( *nJ th LIjcmj him i*f infrared ouifiut hd »Kii jm twi wH »f ftnuW siw. &&" I I.*" 1 . Uprritm ™ *V bonny ["*" i-!ul.i.!rJ» KLU , i-i:v - I" ill [UJI1 imf rC board. C6441 (-"i-flS MEM GEIGKR COUNTER KIT .-fill 111 Il-Is yiiu ,ir!r,.i Ihr fi.lij.1 II! jl I Tl lie ■"- !•■ IM - - 1 II'' Uk IE [0 (kim i J- 1 dVtTrta ilfHU. It!j. aMmrtti ji.: ■ ind folium HBHiin ilpru uLt -,ih jCCfcolt, K mil* the fa S59.M l\'fl\ Slr.KI-.O WlP KIT nd "p"ii a. I h ■ntredLhte lit Hjm. ■ MS. E-'riHiirt MHJ J,FB "art" iniii*ilSf nd In* ^iii>.tiT imp far yaut O 0-TrTnTo... O o-Imi'q. Wb ..!: # oun.1 .. Hit will! tny KpfikvTi ripiMc n>( hurdline u bail III _ III 11W + 10* STKREO ,\MP KIT _» P~-., t T:.- , : •nJBiLf (Li ihr amp ilmvr unly fhitunr Bidl* MM lHi*iiis K.Msi.. .m. h ,->rnrl KmUHM dm l*v«t iitfiiml ihii win level in ttai\ ihjRhrlii iru'l fr.L ti'Ii "ifcft"' in,liL±lijl Ui*" Ihn imp sunn T^vr i^k-iLcti 10 hum* par rjblr nr-f plij-fi*. tiJmk. at CD phjrcr* ri> lull riih iHtn Ming ntfaiiiw. Op«rjiJ CIRCLE 178 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD CIRCLE 43 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD slandard tips. Thermal ca- pacity—the iron's ability to minimize and quickly re- cover from heat loss— -de- termines the system's ability to make repetitive and relia- ble solder joints. A higher capacity is generally re- quired for soldering larger parts. The Ungar system combines the comfort and simplicity of a small iron with the high capacity of a much larger one, so it can be used for high-mass, heavy heat-sink applica- tions as well as for lighter work. The ES D-p rotected 9910HC has a closed -loop circuit for temperature sta- bility at idle. It also features zero switching, reliable grounding form tip to plug, a durable ceramic heater, and a cool grip. The 24-volt micro iron can be customized with a choice of three additional, easy-to- connect irons with a variety of tips. The system meets or exceeds government sol- dering specifications DOD- STD-2000-1B, WS-6536E, MIL-S-47543E, and MIL- STD-2000. If you are looking for an ESD-protected sol- dering system that's ver- satile enough to cover all of your soldering needs, than the 9910HC may be exactly what you need. The 9910HC soldering sys- tem has a suggested retail price of $236.00. — Ungar, Division of Eldon Indus- tries, Inc., 5620 Knott Ave- nue, Buena Park, CA 90621. 16-BIT D/A CONVERTER. A new family of extended temperature-range, 16-bit digital-to-analog converters CIRCLE 44 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD (DAC's) is targeted for de- manding military, aero- space, and industrial ap- plications. Micro Networks' MN3290 series is exactly pin- and function-compati- ble with older, industry- standard DAC71/72 devices, and is expected to replace many of those older devices in new and existing military programs. There are 37 different models in the series, includ- ing six different voltage- and current-output devices that each offer four different electrical grades to address both commercial (0°C to 70°C) and military (-55°C to +125°C) applications. The extended temperature- range devices are available screened in accordance with military specifications. The MN3290 series DAC's are made using a bipolar process. They are TTL com- patible and contain an on- chip, low-noise, buried- Zener reference. The de- vices are packaged in stan- dard, 24-pin, ceramic DIP's. All of them guarantee 14-bit monotontcity at room temperature; the higher grade devices guarantee 14- bit monotonicity and ±0.006% FSR integral lin- earity over the entire ex- tended temperature range. The MN3290 commercial and military-standard cur- rent-output devices are priced from $31 .00 and from $75.00, respectively, in quantities of 100. The com- mercial and military-stan- dard voltage-output devices are priced from $33. 00 and from $75.00, respectively, also in quantities of 100. — Micro Networks/Unitrode Corporation, 324 Clark Street, Worcester, MA 01606. R-E i 3 25 CIRCLE 193 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD Take any one of these HANDBOOKS ELECTRONICS and CONTROL • your one source for engineering books from over 100 different publishers • the latest and best information in your field • discounts of up to 40% off publishers' list prices co o z o rr LU _l LU o Q 26 322/910 Publisher's Price $119.50 ANTENNA ENGINEERING HANDBOOK, Second Edition Edited by R. C. Johnson and H. Jasik • 1,408 pages, 946 illustrations • covers all types of antennas currently in use with a separate chapter devoted to each • provides detaded data on physical fundamentals, operating principles, design techniques, and performance data • up-to-the-minute information on antenna applications • a must for those involved in any phase of antenna engineering Publisher's Price $78.00 STANDARD HANDBOOK OF ENGINEERING CALCULATIONS, Second Edition ByT.G. Hicks • 1,468 pages, 793 illustrations, 499 tables • puts more than 1,100 specific calculation procedures at your fingertips • every calculation procedure gives the exact, numbered steps to follow for a quick, accurate solution • virtually all procedures can be easdy programmed on your PC or calculator • uses OSCS and SI units in all calculation procedures SSs 287/35X 047/790 Publisher's Price $99-95 TELEVISION ENGINEERING HANDBOOK Edited by K. B. Benson • 1,478 pages, 1,091 illustrations • packed with all the technical information today's engineer needs to design, operate, and maintain every type of television equipment • extensive coverage of receivers, broadcast equipment, video tape recording, video disc recording, and the latest technological advances • provides television system and industry standards for the L'.S, and other countries • the most comprehensive book on the subject of television engineering for only $14.95 —when you join the ENGINEERS' BOOK CLUB ^^ 404/461 Publisher^ Price $94.95 MODERN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS REFERENCE MANUAL By J. T. Markus • 1,264 pages, 3,666 circuit diagrams • a handy, desktop reference with 103 chapters organized by "family" grouping • filled with predesigned and use-tested circuits to save you production time and money • includes concise summaries of all the recent applications notes, journal articles, and reports on each circuit, efficiently organized and indexed for the practicing engineer Publisher's Price $92.00 STANDARD HANDBOOK FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS, Twelfth Edition Edited by D.G. Fink and H.W. Beaty ■ 2,416 pages, 1,388 illustrations, 430 tables • the essential reference for all electrical engineers • ranges from basic circuits and measure- ments to advanced topics, such as power distribution and telecommunications • fully updated to cover all recent advances and developments • written and compiled by 115 contributors — all experts in their fields *f 209/758 i***3fi %\\°> 4 reasons to join today! t. Best and newest books from ALL pub- lishers! Books are selected from a wide range of publishers by expert editors and consultants to give you continuing access to the best and latest books in your field. 2. Big savings! Build your library and save money, too! Savings range up to 40% off pub- lishers' list prices. J. Bonus books! You will automatically be eligi- ble to participate in our Bonus Book Plan that allows you savings up to 70% off the publishers' prices of many professional and general interest books! 4. Convenience! 14- 16 times a year (about once every 3-4 weeks) you receive the Club Bulletin FREE. It My describes the Main Selection and alternate selections. A dated Reply Card is in- cluded. If you want the Main Selection, you simply do nothing - it will be shipped automatically If you want an alternate selection - or no book at all - you simply indicate it on the Reply Card and return it by the date specified. You will have at least 10 days to decide. If, because of late debvery of the Bulletin you receive a Main Selection you do not want, you may return it for credit at the Club's expense. As a Club member you agree only to the purchase of two additional books during your flrst year of membership. Membership may be discontinued by either you or the Club at any time after you have purchased the two additional books. FOR FASTER SERVICE IN ENROLLING CALL TOLL FREE 1-800-2-MCGRAW McGraw-Hill Book Clubs Electronics and Control Engineers' Book Club ' P.O. Box 582 Hightstown, rfl 08520-9959 Please enroll me as a member of the Elecuonics and Control Engineere' Book Club* and send me the book t have chosen for only £ 14.95 plus local tax, postage and handling. I agree to purchase a minimum of two addi- tional books during my first year as outlined under the Club plan described in tins ad. Membership in die club is cancellable by me or McGraw-Hill any time after the two book purchase requirement has been fulfilled. A shipping and handling charge is added to all shipments. 1 wish to order the following book: □ ANTENNA ENGINEERING HANDBOOK (322/910) □ MODERN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS REFERENCE MANUAL (404/461) □ STANDARD HANDBOOK FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS, Wt (209/758) □ TELEVISION ENGINEERING BANKBOOK (047/790) □ STANDARD HANDBOOK OF ENGINEERING CALCULATIONS (287/3530 Signature Name_ Address' Apr #_ Cily/Stat&'Zip- This Oder suh|eel 1o acceptance by McGn^l [lIJ . Offer flood onlv Lo new members, foreign member acceptance subject la specfctl conditions ECGA-031 > Tl 3 CO to O 29 N ew Lit INSTRUMENT CATALOG. Wide selections of instru- ments for test and measure- ment, plant maintenance, water-quality checks, and monitor/control applica- tions are featured in this 44- page brochure from Extech. HVi&i % f ♦" CIRCLE 45 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD Photographs accompany every item listed, and the text includes helpful infor- mation on how to choose the right instrument for spe- cific applications, as well as explanations of the instru- ments' features. There is no charge for the catalog.— Ex- tech Instruments, 150 Bear Hill Road, Waltham, MA 02154; Tel. 617-890-7440. INTERCONNECTION PARTS. The 1990 edition of L- com's catalog includes more than 3,500 items. A full line of components and ac- cessories for the electronic, computer, and communica- tions markets is featured — including an extensive line of more than 1,200 ready- made coaxial and data ca- bles, baluns, IEEE-48S cables and accessories, patch pan- els, and line testers. To help the user evaluate the prod- ucts listed, the catalog has full product descriptions, CIRCLE 46 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD usage information, and pricing up to moderate quantities. Some of the new products in this edition are modular and IBM token- ring wiring aids, an auto- matic and manual matrix switch, Wang-type surge protectors, Macintosh net- working kits, and a new se- ries of coaxial switches that are specifically made for panel mounting. The cata- log is free upon request. — L- com. Inc., 1755 Osgood Street, North Andover, MA 01845; Tel. 508-682-6936. VCR-PARTS CROSS-REFER- ENCE. Providing the servicer with a quick reference source of key wear items — belts, motors, pressure rollers, and headwheels — Thomson Consumer Elec- CIRCLE 47 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD W O z O a: 5 ID _l LL o < EC 30 EARN YOUR B.S.E.E. DEGREE THROUGH HOME STUDY Our New and Highly Effective Advanced-Place- ment Program for experienced Electronic Tech- nicians grants credit for previous Schooling and Professional Experience, and can greatly re- duce trie time required to complete Program and reach graduation. 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COOK'S INSTITUTE OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING ££* f E 4Z51 CYPRESS DRIVE ^■*-*- E JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI 39212 CIRCLE 58 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD CABLE ■ TV SIC NAL REMOVERS • FOR ELIMINATION OF SEVERE INTERFERENCE ■FOR "CENSORING" OF ADULT BROADCASTS SIGNAL rLW!NA" ■ ATTENUATION - 45 dB TYPICAL ■ BANDWIDTH - 4 MHz AT 5 (IB POINTS ■ INSERTION LOSS - 2 dB MODEL TUNING HAHa£ FOR CHANNELS PASSBANC PR CE SHIPPING 23H 50-66 MHz 2.3im6ma1ernam> 50-300 MHz m NO SHIPPING 46FM 66109 MHz 4.5.6 tor any FM) SO- 300 MHz m 141? 120-144MHz 14(A|1S(B| 16 [C| 17(D) 50-400 MHz 09 or CO.D, CHARGES 182! 144.174 MHz 18IS:i!9IFI20(GI2>IH|22lli 50400 MHz 130 713 174-216MHZ 7.8.9.10 11 12.13 50 -40(1 MHz S3S 3 for $75 - 1 for $200 - mix or match CALLTOLLFREEFORC.O.D.ORSENDCHECKTOORDER FAST DELI VERY 30 DAY MON E Y B ACK G U AR ANTEE (3 F! LTER L I M IT) Star Circuits P. 0. Box 94917 Las Vegas, NV 89193-4917 1-800-433-6319 One tree can make 5,000^00 matches. 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. r— ™, 1245 Rosewood. Deerfield, IL 60015 ($10 Max) IL Res., 7% Tax P^SSS (800) 292-7711 (708) 541-0710 Starling from scratch you build a compete system. Our Micro-Master trainer teaches ywj to wrile into fWMs, ROMS and run a BOSS microprocessor, wfrch uses similar machine Eanguage as IBM PC. You will write the initial instructions to teli the 9035 processor to get started and store ffiesa instructions in permanent memory in a 281 6 E PRQM . Teaches you all about input and output ports, computer timers. Build your c«n keyboard and learn how to scan keyboard and display. No previous computer knowledge requied. Simple easy to understand ln- sl'LCLon taachesyou to write in machine language. 15 Day Money Back Guarantee 2 Year Warranty 3 <-^ «><**» » <■< ■■•<■ v WRITE FOR FREE CATALOG CIRCLE 109 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD [F YOU ARE EVEN A CASUAL LISTENER ' shortwave radio, you've undoubtedly! heard lots of Morse code (CW) and radioteletype (RTTY) communica- tions. Unless you're a radio amateur, you've probably been frustrated be- cause you can't decipher those sig-| nals — that is, until now. Now you can build our PMX-200 CW/RTTY de- tector, connect it to your computer's' serial port, and display all of those | messages that have previously beenj hidden from you. The impetus for the project's de- sign was the author's frustration with I the performance of other Morse and RTTY detectors on the market, spe- cifically their inability to copy weak and noisy signals. Despite the fact that there has been a great deal of effort to improve the software side of | communications (like packet), the ac- tual detection schemes have changed | little if at all. The detector's performance plays a I critical role in a truly high-quality CW or RTTY system, since any infor- mation lost cannot be recovered . The detector presented here circumvents many of the traditional difficulties. Its digital detection scheme takes CW and RTTY performance very nearly] to the theoretical limit. Display system While most RTTY systems are dif- ficult to tune, the PMX-200 uses al digital detector thai makes the proper tuning procedure intuitive even to the inexperienced user. Two rows ofj LED's allow you to see which way you need to tune even before mistun- ing causes misprint. In CW mode, only one row is lit, which helps to reduce distraction. In RTTY mode, both rows are used. As a tuning aid, the front-panel shift-select switches are decoded. The display will be properly lighted only when the proper RTTY shift has been selected for the incoming signal. Even inexperienced users should have no problem with proper tuning. MORSE/RTTY DETECTOR - * * * t *. * ' Let your computer decypher Morse code and radioteletype signals even if you don t know a dit from a dahl « LARRY ASH WORTH, KAMFR f ^MX-2(j(5 Mi »••'-*•♦ •••'•«••' ■■ ■. -' ' w "™^ CW modulation Whenever intelligence is added to a carrier, whether by FM, AM, FSK, SSB, or any other method, there are limitations imposed. The limitations are weighed against their strengths to determine the suitability of a given system for communications. ASCII, as opposed to Baudot, in RTTY is a good example of tradeoffs like that. ASCII has a larger character set available but, since each character takes nearly twice as long to transmit, it is nearly twice as error prone. For transferring computer programs and lower-case text ASCII is the best, but for communicating messages and news, Baudot is better. That's why some commercial carriers still use Baudot. CW takes less bandwidth than any other modulation system but, when conditions are poor, it's less capable than FSK for a given data rate. Some of the advantages of CW are that it is narrow, slow, and has a limited character set. That might not sound like anything positive, but for getting a message through in the worst of conditions, there is nothing better. Morse code is a series of tone bursts whose relative duration, and relative absence, carries meaning. That puts a great burden on our re- ceiving system to extract all the infor- mation available. Noise immunity is extremely important, and the only thing we know for sure about the tone we are demodulating is the frequency. Noise by its very nature can appear for an instant to be the frequency we are trying to detect, but will not have a duration long enough to be valid. The faster the detector can detect the cor- rect frequency of the incoming tone, the higher the resolution. That means we can extract greater detail about the signal we are listening to. If we can o z o DC o o < EC All resistors are V-i-watt film except where otherwise indicated. R1, R3, R6, R12, R43, R45, R49, R55, R81, R82, R89— 39,000 ohms R2, R9, R52, R53— 27.000 ohms R4, R7, R8, R19, R22, R24. R59-R62, R85-^7,000 ohms R5, R13, R86, R87— 68.000 ohms R10. R11, R14, R28— 15,000 ohms R15-R18, R69, R70— 33,000 ohms R21, R51, R76— 220,000 ohms R23, R90— 20,000 ohms, %-inch single-turn potentiometer R25, R26, R34, R74, R77— 330 ohms R27, R30, R31, R78, R79— 2200 ohms R20— 270 ohms R29, R32. R33, R35-R39, R41 , R50, R56-R58, R63-R65, R71-R73, R75— 1000 ohms R40— 470 ohms R42, R44, R48— 48,000 ohms R46. R47, R92— 10,000 ohms R54, R8S— 30,000 ohms R66, R91, R93, R94— -20,000 ohms R67, R68, R95, R96— 20,000 ohms, 10 -turn potentiometer R80— 4700 ohms R83, R84— 22,000 ohms R100-R105— 2000 ohms Capacitors C1, C2— 1000 nF, electrolytic C3, C29, C30, C40, C46, C63— 10 |j,F, electrolytic C4-C28, C41, C47, C77, C78, C80-C82, C85— 0.1 |xF, mylar C31, C34-C36, C49, C51— 0.0047 jj.R mylar C32, C33— 0.0027 jj.F, mylar C37, C38, C43. C44, C59— 1 ^F. tan- talum C39, C45—2 P.F, tantalum C42, C60— 30 pF, ceramic C48, C76, C79— 0.22 m-F mylar C50, C52— 0,002 ^.F, mylar C53, C55— 0.003 ,jlF, mylar C54, C56— 0.0005 |xF, mylar PARTS LIST C57. C58— 0.0068 u.F, mylar C61. C62. C64, C65— 0.047 M .F my- lar C66-C69, C86-C89— 0.01 ^F, mylar C70, C71— 0.15 iaF, mylar C72, C73— 0.068 jiF, mylar C74, C75— 0.03 pF, mylar C83, C84— 0.001 u-F, mylar Semiconductors IC1, IC2— LM7805 5-volt regulator IC3— LM7912 -12-volt regulator IC4 — NE570 compander IC5, IC26, !C38— LM311 voltage comparator IC6, IC25— LM324 low-power quad op-amp IC7, IC8, IC27, IC28— 4066 quad bi- lateral switch fC9— 74LS14 hex low-power Schot- tky Schmitt-trigger inverter IC10, IC11, IC14, IC15— 74LS161 synchronous binary counter IC12, IC16— 74LS30 8-input NAND gate IC13, 1C17— 74LS244 octal tri-state buffer IC18— 74LS10 triple 3-input NAND gate IC1 9— 2.4576-MHz crystal oscillator IC20— 74LS90 decade counter IC21, IC24— not used IC22— 2732 EPROM IC23— 74154 4-to-16 line decoder IC29— 7416 hex inverter buffer with high-voltage open-collector out- puts IC30— 74LS147 10-line decimal to 4- line BCD encoder SC31, IC32— LM358N low-power dual op-amp IC33— 1488 quad MDTL line driver IC34 — 1489 quad MDTL line receiver IC35— 7414 hex Schmitt-trigger in- verter IC37, IC42— 74LSO0 quad 2-input NAND gate IC38, IC39— LM555 timer IC40— 74LS05 open collector hex in- verter IC41— 4018 presettable divide-by-N counter D1-D6— 1N4003 rectifier diode D7— 4.3-voft Zener diode D8 — 4.7-volt Zener diode Q1, Q2— TIP42C PNP transistor LED1, LED16 — green light emitting diode LED5, LED12— red light emitting di- ode LED2-LED4, LED6-LED11, LED13-LED16 Other components T1— FP24-500 HDR1. HDR2— 18-pin right angle header HDR3 — 2-pin jumper header S1. S4— DPDT PC-mount switch S2— DPDT PC-mount switch with center off S3 — 12-position rotary PC-mount switch J1-J4 — RCA-type jack, chassis mount J5 — DB25 connector RY1, RY2-~16-pin PC-mount relay PL1— grounded AC line cord Miscellaneous: case, hardware, wire, solder, etc. Note: The following items for the PMX-200 Morse Detector are available from Power Mountain Systems, P.O. Box 161, Cora, Wy- oming 82925. Double-sided silk- screened PC boards, $79.95; discrete parts kit (no boards or case), $159.95; pre-programmed EPROM, $15.95; detector soft- ware package for IBM/compati- ble, $19.95; black brushed- aluminum case ready for you to drill, $79.95; complete kit (con- tains everything), $269.95; an assembled, aligned, and tested unit, $389,95. All prices include UPS Ground, or mailing charges in the USA. 34 FIG. 1— IN THE FRONT END OF THE PMX-200 there are high- and tow-pass, 24-dB-per- octave fitters. The low-pass filter is fixed at 1650 Hz, and the high-pass filter is switch selectable (170 Hz, 425 Hz, and 850 Hz) for proper CW and RTTY operation. > 33 s 35 £ RADIO-ELECTRONICS ?FR0MIC5PIN7 (RG.1) 10 O LOAD >CLK ENT ENP D C B A RCO QD QC QB QA IC10 74LS1B1 12 13 14 J-dCLR CLOCK ICI3 74LS244 11 13 15 17 1A1 1A2 1A3 1A4 2A1 2A2 2A3 2A4 1G L- O 2G 1Y1 1Y2 1Y3 1Y4 2Y1 2YZ 2Y3 2Y4 16 12 10 ?4&."6kH7 R33 1K : IC19 2.4576MHz CLK CLOCK 14 IC20 74LS9Q "CO u C > B n RO(i) R0I2) R901 R9I2) QA QB QC QO 10 n IG14 8 74LS181 CLOCK «.— C 1G M9 II 13 15 17 2G 1A1 1A2 1A3 1A4 2A1 2A2 2A3 2A4 1Y1 1Y2 1Y3 1Y4 2Y1 2Y2 2Y3 2Y4 DATA BUS D7 (SEEflG-V^- J» IC17 74LS244 14 1? D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 r DO FIG. 2— TWO SEPARATE DETECTORS make up the PMX-200. They each independently measure opposite hall cycles. FIG. 3 — AFTER ACTUAL DETECTION, analog switches allow us to have four separate low-pass frequencies for CW and four for RTTY to further enhance performance. detect the proper frequency fast enough, and reject noise fast enough, the detector stops contributing its lim- itations to the task of detecting the tone and we're left with the con- strictions of the modulation system itself. Devices like the venerable 567 tone decoder have severe limitations for Morse. They can lock to an incoming tone in 10 cycles only 90% of the time. That means that 10% of the time it lakes longer. The variation in lock- up time is completely random. If lock is lost for even a half cycle the prob- lem starts all over again. A 567 in this application adds random inconsisten- cy to the problem of decoding Morse code, and that we can do without! The 567 was never designed for many of the applications for which it is being used — some talented people have managed to do amazing things with it. Unfortunately, it's just not the best way to go. Phase-lock detectors work well for FSK since they're always locked to a constant carrier, as long as the carrier isn't lost due to noise. They don't do all that well for Morse because the carrier is missing half the time. Using digital filter techniques, it's possible to measure each half cycle of incoming tone to determine its fre- quency. That is the reason why the PMX-200 has such high resolution. In 60 milliseconds we can verify 255 times that the frequency is still pres- ent. If there's a signal in there, the detector can see it, rapidly and con- sistently. RTTY data is transmitted at a 22- ms bit rate (45.45 baud or 60 wpm), so there's very little time to detect the proper frequency. At 110 baud, the timing is 9 ms per bit, which makes the problem even more difficult. If the frequency we are detecting is 1500 Hz, there is only an average of 13.5 cycles of tone per bit of information at 110 baud. There are, on average, 33 cycles of tone at 45.45 baud. As the baud rate increases there is less time to make an accurate decision, and fewer cycles to work with. Since we are detecting each half cycle, we can detect the signal 27 times per bit at 1 10 baud, and 66 times per bit at 45.45 baud. Morse detector In the front end of the PMX-200 we are using high- and low-pass, 24-dB- per-octave filters (see Fig. 1). The low- pass filter is fixed at 1650 Hz, and the high-pass filter is switch-selectable (170 Hz, 425 Hz, and 850 Hz) for proper CW and RTTY operation. Switching is greatly simplified through the use of 4066 digitally con- trolled analog switches. The filter frequencies were selected so as to be in the upper middle of the audio pass band of a typical amateur radio transceiver. High frequencies roll off quickly in this type of equip- ment above 2200 Hz or so. While it is true that higher frequencies give us more half cycles to detect, that has to be weighed against noise, audio pass- band, and other considerations. The input-filter section consists of two separate filter systems. A low- pass filter section with a frequency cutoff set for 1650 Hz sets the upper bandpass frequency limit. The high- pass filters, which set the low-fre- quency limit, have three different cut- offs depending on the setting of the shift-select switch. The cutoffs are 1200 Hz, 925 Hz, and 500 Hz for 170, 425, and 850 shifts respectively. The higher the Q of a bandpass filter — Q is equal to the operating fre- quency divided by the bandwidth — the narrower is its response. As with nearly everything else, you can go too far trying to get a little better signal- to-noise ratio by using a very high-Q filter. The difficulty of narrow band- width is that the pulse response of a bandpass filter is equal to [/(band- width in Hz). That means a I-Hz wide filter would take I second to reach 90% of maximum amplitude. A 10- ms response requires at least 100-Hz bandwidth. > 3 CO § 37 o z o Freq. & Count (10) Count (Hex) 2276 Hz = 108 6C 2255 Hz = 109 6D 2234 Hz = 110 6E 2214 Hz = 111 6F 2194 Hz = 112 70 2175 Hz - 113 71 2156 Hz = 114 72 Center 2137 Hz = 115 73 detection Freq. 2125 Hz width 2119 Hz = 116 74 92 Hz 2101 Hz = 117 75 2083 Hz = 118 76 2065 Hz = 119 77 2048 Hz = 120 78 2031 Hz = 121 79 2014 Hz = 122 80 1998 Hz = 123 81 o < EC 38 In the case of PMX-200, the initial bandpass filter is calculated for 250-300 Hz bandwidth. That was done to allow for minor component variations so that 1% parts weren't required, and also to take advantage of the quick response of the digital detector. As a general rule, it's better to use more filter sections set for a lower Q, than to try using a single filter section at high Q. After filtering the incoming audio, an NE570 compandor (IC4) is used as a very fast AGC circuit. Both halves of the NE570 are used, and the dy- namic range is very large. That means that audio input levels can vary by a wide margin without affecting perfor- mance. An LM311 (IC5) is used as a hys- teresis I i miter, and converts the in- coming sine wave to a square wave that can be used by the TTL-detector system. Hysteresis adds noise immu- nity to the detector. The voltage adjust (vadj) provides a voltage to use as a precision crossover point, to guaran- tee that both halves of the square wave produced are equal. There are two separate detectors that make up the PMX-200, and they each independently measure opposite half cycles. The TTL-level output from IC5, a LM311 (Fig. 1) is used to gate an internal oscillator to a pair of counters, each counter being made from a pair of 74LS16l's. (One coun- ter is formed by IC10 and IC11, and a second is formed by IC14 and IC15 — see Fig. 2.) Each pair is wired to act as one 8-bit counter. The clock input to the counters is disabled — and thus the counting stops — when the TTL level corre- sponding to the current half-cycle ends, or when the counter output reaches FE (The counter output will reach FFonly with low- frequency sig- nals that are strong enough to override the high-pass filtering). Since we know the clock frequency, we can de- termine the frequency of the tone by reading the 8-bit value latched by the counters and the 74LS244 buffers. That 8-bit value is then compared to the values stored in the EPROM, IC22, to determine what tuning LED's should be lit. The tuning indicator, which is part of Fig. 1, consists of a 4—16 line de- coder, IC23, that is under the control of the 2732 EPROM (1C22). There are 16 LED's on the front panel that can be selectively programmed to light, depending on the frequency detected and the switch settings. Three of the four lower output data lines are pro- grammed to provide output for mark, space, and CW. Here are the formulas for determin- ing the frequency for a given 8-bit detected value, and you can also see how the clock frequency was chosen, where: 256 = maximum count Count = decimal equivalent of the desired frequency At maximum count, frequency is minimum K = (l/(min. freq.) X 2) Clock frequency = l/(K/256) Freq. cutoff = 1/(2 X ([/clock) X count) As an example, let's use a clock frequency of 491.52 kHz, and a target frequency of 2125 Hz. The calcula- tions therefore yield the results shown in Table 1. In the EPROM we have programmed a complex lookup table that compares the latched 8-bit value and switch settings to determine what LED should be lit on the display, and whether the corresponding detected frequency is valid. Table I gives a detection bandwidth of 92 Hz, and the center frequency is within 4 Hz of being in the center of thepassband. Since the detectors' per- formance is virtually unrelated to width of detection, you can go as nar- row as 18 Hz. Get too narrow though, and you might be retaining your re- ceiver more often and performance could decrease. Noise causes an ap- parent frequency shift due to slightly shifted zero crossing, making very narrow filter widths impractical . The minimum width should be more than 1 count, due to aliasing. Aliasing is a counting error at the very edge of detection that causes a mis- count. The error is easily worked around by adding one count of extra width to the desired detection band- width. You shouldn't try to get super- naiTOw-width detection, since noise presents a real problem. In fact, you should program for as much width as you can reasonably accept. Due to the design of the system we can use a push-pull detector system for RTTY. That way we can actually measure the frequency rather than just saying that it is higher or lower than a specific threshold as in a typical dis- criminator-type detector. That en- hances the noise immunity of the system, improving performance. Every little bit can make a difference (no pun intended). After actual detection we use ana- log switches to allow us to have four separate low-pass frequencies for CW and four for RTTY to further enhance performance (see Fig, 3). The analog switches also allow us to use a less- expensive single-pole rotary switch, S3, which saves money and eases as- sembly. When we continue next month, we'll discuss the circuitry that allows you to interface the detector to your computer. We'll also look at the AFSK generator that allows you to use the detector to transmit RTTY signals. And, of course, we'll show you how to build the detector (will include PC Foil Patterns) and how to tunc it so you can put it to work in your radio shack. R-E H^IMpIUqMZ IN THE POWER LINE THERE'S A GLITCH IN YOUR POWER LINE and it's going to find you. Imagine that you're right in the middle of sav- ing a file on your PC, or recording a program on your microprocessor-con- trolled stereo or VCR, and a power- line glitch causes the system to reset. Why? You may never even attempt to find out if it happens only once every month or two, but you should. In business and industry, the prob- lem becomes more than an inconve- nience. Computers, communication devices, sensitive medical instru- ments, chemical processes, and the like, can succumb to power-line dis- turbances. A power problem can spell disaster for a small business who can't find a solution. -Power problems can be especially frustrating for the electronics hob- byist. Even you, the solitary elec- tronics buff, can be glitched at home. Your PC boards may burn out for no obvious reason, your PC data may be scrambled, your 10-meter transceiver may run hot, your VCR or stereo may drop dead, and the lights may dim when your refrigerator's compressor turns on. Knowing the causes and cures of power-line disturbances is valuable, technically and financially. \bu don't have to be a research scien- tist or utility engineer to discover glit- ches and take action against them. The most common way to clean up the power lines is to rely on surge suppressors. But clean power means more than no impulses. It also means eliminating any voltage sags, out- ages, impulses, surges, frequency er- rors, harmonics, grounding prob- lems, high-frequency noise, wave- shape faults, or RF interference. AC INPUT DC OUTPUT FIG. 1— TYPICAL BRIDGE RECTIFIER, with voltage waveform shaped by an LC filter network. If only a pure resistive net- work were connected across points A, the waveform shown in Fig. 2-a would be seen with the aid of an oscilloscope. Causes Contrary to popular opinion, the vast majority of power problems aren't caused by power utilities, but by their customers. Occasionally, al- beit rarely, utilities are at fault, like when distribution loads are switched, or when large power-factor-correction capacitors kick in. Sometimes light- ning or a car can hit a power pole, wreaking havoc with power lines. Such an interruption, if miles away, may not make your lights blink, but the resulting power line hash can blow your PC. Most often, however, tran- sients can travel along a power line from other customers, especially if you're near an industrial area. Major offenders are arc welders or electric- train yards. However, the above are exceptions, and maybe 95% of disturbances are caused by either home equipment, or faulty or inadequate home wiring. Most utilities bend over backwards to locate problems on their end like low voltages, distribution or switching faults, or line harmonics. Sometimes they'll even attach a monitor or strip- chart recorder to your meter to help find a problem. Harmonics One of the most common AC power problems is harmonic distor- > -o CD CD O 39 tion, or the unwanted generation of power-line voltage components at fre- quencies that are multiples of 60 Hz, Lineai- loads that draw power in pro- portion to the square of voltage ex- hibit far fewer problems. With rec- tifiers, however, strange things start happening to current waveforms. Fig- ure 1 shows a full -wave bridge rec- tifier, while Fig . 2 shows the relevant voltages and currents. The voltage across points A and C in Fig. 2-a is a full- wave, rectified sinusoid provided that only a purely resistive load were connected . Across points B and C, the LC filter produces the waveform shown in Fig. 2-b. The current from the bridge rectifier charges capacitor CI for a small portion of each half cycle as shown in Fig. 2-c, and it supplies power to the load during that brief period. Capaci- tor CI provides the power that drives the DC load for the remainder of the half cycle. Inductor LI smooths the sharp points in the rectified voltage curve at b, but its effect on the follow- ing discussion is nil. As the rectifier voltage drops to zero, the charge in Ct drives the DC load. Thus, current flows through transformer Tl for only a small portion of the sinusoid, as shown in Fig. 2-c, driving the DC load and recharging CI, so the energy is con- centrated in short pulses. This pulsed current generates harmonics, making a transformer run hotter than it would for a pure 60-Hz sinusoid with RMS power identical to that of the corrupt VOLTAGE AT "K rrm CO O z o cc B Q Q < cc 40 CURRENT if THROUGH T I t i FIG. 2— VOLTAGE AND CURRENT WAVE- FORMS at different points in the power supply. At (a) is the voltage exiting the bridge rectifier, presuming either a re- sistive load or no load at all, instead of the LC filter; at (b) is the voltage exiting the LC filter, and at (c) is the current drawn through the transformer. FIG. 3— THE BMI 2400 POWERSCOPE power-transient measurement and re- cording system for single-phase DC, or single- or 3-phase AC, The instrument monitors sags, surges, impulses, wave- shape faults, line-frequency variations, and high-frequency noise for single- phase AC or DC, has a built-in RS-232 bus to be used with an external processor to analyze total harmonic distortion and fre- quency spectral content, and has a full range of available accessories, including temperature and humidity sensors. Edison, NJ 08818, 201-287-3680 or 800-DRAN-TEC). BMI has three major instruments, the 2400 and 4800 PowerS copes, shown in Figs. 3 and 4, respectively, and the 3 030 Power Demand Ana- lyzer (not covered here). They com- bine oscilloscopes, strip-chart record- ers, and RF interference meters in a single portable cabinet to capture transients varying from a few millise- conds to several hours in duration. Note the calculator keyboard, single- line display, and thermal strip-chart graphic printers on each. Both versions of the PowerScope monitor sags, surges, impulses, waveshape faults, line-frequency vari- ations, and high-frequency noise for single-phase or 3-phase AC or DC power lines, and have a built-in RS-232 bus. They can be combined FIG. 4— THE BMI 4800 POWERSCOPE. While similar to the BMI 2400 in physical appearance, it has considerably more processing power, with up to four main and eight probe channels. sinusoid with its harmonics. This is because the magnetic domains re- verse polarity more rapidly than for the pure sinusoid, owing to the har- monics, heating the transformer core. The bridge rectifier shown in Fig, 1 is waning in popularity, although har- monic generation is identical for more recent versions. Most computers and hi-tech gear now use switched -mode power supplies; those varieties are highly nonlinear and a major source of harmonics. If several loads are on one circuit, expect hot motors and transformers. In short, if you're serv- ing up hash, everyone at the table tastes it! Latest instrumentation Power-line monitors range from simple beepers or lights that tell you when line voltages and/or currents are out of range, to printing versions that record values numerically and graph- ically. Two major manufacturers of such gear are Basic Measuring /nstru- ments or BMI (335 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA 94404, 415-570-5355), and Dranetz Tech- nologies (1000 New Durham Road, FIG. 5— THE DRANETZ SERIES 901 POWER HARMONIC ANALYZER, similar to a BMI 2400. In one printout for a instant in time, the device records line voltage, the current used, total power, power fac- tor, harmonic power, fundamental power, and a breakdown of the power in the indi- vidual harmonic frequencies above the fundamental (in other words, its spectral content). FIG. 6— THE DRANETZ SERIES 626G Uni- versal Disturbance Analyzer, similar to a BMI 4800. This device has several add-on modules that increased the scope of the unit with event monitors. FIG. 7— THE DRANETZ SERIES 656 Dis- turbance Waveform Analyzer. Note the built-in CRT, full keyboard, dual floppies, and thermal printer. with the A-600 Parallel Processor to analyze total harmonic distortion and frequency spectral content (such as in the BMI 2460), and have a full range of accessories, including temperature and humidity sensors. The BMI 4800 does everything the BMI 2400 does, but has more pro- cessing power. Whereas the BMI 2400 has two main and four environ- mental or probe channels, the BMI 4800 has up to four main channels and eight probe channels. Both models can be configured to take measure- ments every I, 3, 6, 12, or 24 hours, and can do both high-resolution graphics, strip-charts, and text sum- maries, the sole exception being that the BMI 2400 can't do high-resolu- tion graphics using the probe chan- nels — only the main ones. The Dranetz Technologies gear is comparable in scope and complexity to that from BMI. Their Series 901 Power Harmonic Analyzer, shown in Fig. 5, is comparable to the BMI 2400, and the Series 626 Universal Disturbance Analyzer shown in Fig. 6 and DRAN-SCAN Multipoint Power Monitoring and Analysis System (not shown) are comparable to the BMI 4800. The Dranetz Series 656 Distur- bance Waveform Analyzer shown in Fig. 7 has a built-in CRT and full keyboard, two floppy disk drives, and internal thermal printer. Their Series 800 Electric Power/ Demand Ana- lyzers (not shown) are also available, and are similar to the BMI 30S0. Both BMI and Dranetz also have extensive power analysis software for any exter- nal controllers used with their monitoring instruments. Typical power-line disturbances The graphs shown in Figs. 8-12 were made using BMI gear, and those shown in Figs. 13-16 were made using Dranetz gear; they're of similar for- mat. The user selects thresholds and monitors power. Whenever an im- pulse, voltage sag, or other distur- bance occurs, it's graphed as shown in Figs. 8 and 9. Note that the sinusoidal peaks are somewhat flattened where current or voltage reaches a local maximum. If switching loads change a waveshape, that too is recorded. Fortunately, most disturbances have characteristic "signatures." Figure 10 shows a typical motor starting- volt age sag; the in-rush current drops the volt- age to 84.5 volts RMS. i i*- I CO I c^ I I I o I I I I I I I MO 3> a: 1 Q_ I— I o z I 1 t— l z; I "-■ a. EL 'T 120 00 ■12A 2.5fl/diu vertical 5.9 ms^diu horiz. LINE ftMPS INITIAL UAUE SHP INTRATECH COMPUTER Hov 22 1987 2:26 PM FIG. 8— BMI-GENERATED INITIAL WAVESHAPE REPORT for current for a circuit. Note that the current is drawn in pulses that could seriously compromise the operation of delicate instruments operating on the same or a nearby power line. r- ^~ •yj Q- »T* i — * *-* *-i CO mm w l/l CO — I o I '_' I 1-1 I d luO'i I25U 103U . h": ■ 0U 20.0 U/diy vertical 2 see'diu horiz. LIHE-HEUT U0LTAGE SAG AIR COMPRESSOR Nov 27 1987 11:58 AM > -a 3 FIG. 10— TYPICAL MOTOR-START SIGNATURE. As the motor stabilizes, voltage returns £ to normal. o 41 i r- I TO I TO i i r- i I t4 omo . -a- 489U 0U -400U 250U 200 U/div vertical 1B2.4 us/diy horiz. 0U -2500 125.0 U/div uerUcil 12.5 ms^diy horiz. LINE-HEUT IMPULSE INTRfiTECH J BOX Sep 27 1987 12:02 Prt Event. 1407 Ch.fl 6/12/89 86:11:36.13 FIG. 11- indicate ■IMPULSES DUE TO LOOSE WIRING. Sharp- edged dropouts on the sinusoid that the problem is nearby. r>- e to .1mF DECADE ? DECADE PULSE WIDTH MODULATOR TRIGGER 1.0>iF LOW PASS FILTER RESIDUAL C NULL _OJ3 DIGITAL VOLTMETER 0- 2V — OJ4 FIG. 1— BLOCK DIAGRAM of the capacitance adapter. It can turn any digital voltmeter into a precision capacitance meter. > in o 43 en o -z, o TJ 33 O 45 ra!~!1 D D #««& '< ROBERT A. HE1L WIPER DELAY ON /OFF ALU Build this solid state windshield wiper delay and minimize potentially dangerous driving conditions. HAVE YOU EVER DRIVEN THROUGH FOG, mist, or light rain and been tempted to turn on your wipers — but didn't be- cause of all the screeching and streak- ing they make when there's not enough water? One of the more useful features available on today's cars is delayed action and/or manual wind- shield wiper control . The delay is nor- mally set using either a slide or rotary potentiometer, while the manual con- trol is generally a momentary switch attached to one of the column levers, and flicked with the left hand while holding the steering wheel. Many drivers with two-speed wiper motors — which are designed for heavy rain — simply don't use their wipers in a light drizzle to avoid the aforementioned screeching and streaking. If you are one of those driv- ers, you'll surely benefit from the wiper-delay described here. It mounts under the dash, doesn't hinder normal wiper operation, and features a varia- ble 2-18 second delay. Circuit description The wiper-delay schematic is shown in Hg. 1, With the ignition on, Dl maintains regulated + 12 volts DC. When SI closes, CI bypasses transients and passes this + 12 volts DC to divider R2-R3. producing a TTL high at pin 3 of ICl, a 4013 CMOS dual leading-edge triggered D-type flip-flop. Filter R4-C3 keeps ICl from triggering erroneously when the ignition is on. When SI is pressed, output qi (pin 1) of ICl latches high, turning on Ql, which conducts via R5, turning on IC2; LED I indicates power, and R6 sets the current. Since IC2 depends on Ql for power, 1C2 stays off until Ql turns on. The left half of 1C2 is an astable, with its delay set by R7, R8, Rlt, and C4. The right half of IC2 is a mono- stable, with its pulse duration set by R9 and C5. With the values used, you might expect Rll to vary the delay from about 15-84 seconds, with a 2.42-second monostable pulse oper- ating the wiper blades on each cycle. However, the actual delay will range between 2-18 seconds, with a 1 -sec- ond monostable pulse on each cycle. That discrepancy stems from the fact that IC2 is being led from the emitter of Ql, rather than directly from the regulated + 12- volt supply. Transistor Ql acts as an active current source, making C4 charge and discharge fast- er than it ordinarily would. The astable output (outi, or pin 5) is tied to TR!G2 (pin 8). When OUT2 (pin 9) goes high, Q2 is biased via RIO and current (lows through RY1. with D2 dissipating back-EMF when RYI shuts off. If RYI is an SPDT, then it's connected as in Fig. I, whereas a DPDT relay is connected as in Fig. 2. Construction The foil pattern for the wiper-delay is shown in PC Service, and a source for the PC board is given in the Parts List, Whether you hardwire the wiper-delay or use the PC board, use a 46 12 WVDC FIG. 1— SCHEMATIC OF THE SOLiD-STATE WIPER-DELAY. This is the configuration for older cars without manual pulse delay, using an SPDT wiper switch, where both wires from RY1 are in parallel with the wiper-switch terminals for the low wiper speed. i *run[ PARK LOW HIGH ' MISTo LOWO HiGHO QFFr S? 5w° g — HIGH i, HOT INPUT ACCESSORY O + 12V FROM BATTERY FIG. 2— FOR CARS WITH MANUAL WIPER CONTROL, use either an SPDT or DPDT switch for the wiper motor. For the SPDT switch, connect RY1 in parallel with the manual wiper control switch. For the DPDT switch, a DPDT relay is needed to operate the wiper-delay properly. Pole 1 goes between pole 1 of the switch and the pulse position. suitable case that fits under the dash. The parts-placement diagram is shown in Fig. 3; SI is a PC-board mounted, low-profile, SPST push- button ON/OFF keypad switch. 'lire prototype is shown in Fig. 4. With the top of the case facing upwards, drill a hole on the left for SI , on the right for Rll, and in the center for LED I. Use super glue to attach LED! to a washer, then anchor the washer to the case. After finishing the PC board, use double-sided tape to attach it and RYl (upside down) behind Rll. Drill a hole in the back panel for the four connecting wires, two for RYl and PARTS LIST AH resistors are 'A-watt, 5%, un- Q1— 2N2222 NPN transistor less otherwise indicated. Q2— TIP31 NPN transistor R1 — 47 ohms, '/z-watt IC1— 4013 dual D-type flip-flop R2, R8— 1000 ohms IC2— LM556 dual timer R3— 100,000 ohms Other components R4 — 10,000 ohms S1— SPST N.O. momentary push- R5, R1 0—4700 ohms button switch R6— 2200 ohms RY1— SPDT relay, 12 volts DC, 180 R7, R9— 220,000 ohms ohm, 65 mA (see text) R11 — 1 megohm, 1-turn, chassis Miscellaneous: mount potentiometer 3.25-x 2,125- x 1.125-inch plastic Capacitors case, 1. 25- x 1.5-inch 4-40 hard- C1— 0.1 nR ceramic disc ware (see text), wire (red, white, C2 — 0,001 p,F, ceramic disc^F and btack), plastic wire tie, solder, C3— 2.2 |j,F, 25 volts, electrolytic etc. C4 — 100 ijlF, 25 volts, electrolytic NOTE: An etched and drilled PC C5— 10 m-F 35 volts, electrolytic board is available for S7.50 and Semiconductors any return postage from R.A.H. D1— 1N4742 12-vo!t Zener diode Projects, P.O. Box 4715, Irvine, D2 — 1N914 germanium diode CA 92716-4715. California resi- LED1 — green light-emitting diode dents must add sales tax. two for power. To install the case un- der the dash as in Fig. 5, use Velcro or double-sided tape. You can also drill completely through all four holes and mount it with four 1. 5-inch 4-40 screws, [f you use either Velcro or tape, use the lid lor the case, whereas for screws, you can discard the lid. Most newer cars have a nonconduc- tivc dash, preventing a short. The prototype in Fig. 4 differs in one minor regard from the parts placement diagram shown in Fig. 3. Figure 3 shows R6 connected to the PC board at both ends between LED I and Ql at upper right, while Fig. 4 shows R6 just to the right of C7 in the upper middle, with one end going to trie PC board and the other end to the cathode of LED I. The PC board cor- responding to Fig. 3, and which ap- pears in PC Service, is correct. Installation Before installing the wiper-delay, ~v get a schematic of your car's wiring p harness from a service manual. Be- S sides having wiring schematics, it's a o 47 1 I R8 : ! -a pj^^^ C5 IC2 R3 Q1 R4 R3 R2 R5 i I I l *1 I -RIO— D2 IC1 3'- C3 \ I IREDI II m mil o (WHITER V IREDI (TO COIL OF RY1I Dt {RED) h C2?fc jlBLACK) 12-14VDC FIG, 3— PARTS-PLACEMENT DIAGRAM FOR THE SOLID-STATE wiper control. helpful reference for repairs. For older cars with neither wiper delay or manual control, attach both wires from RYI in parallel with the wiper switch terminals for the low wiper speed, as in Fig. 1. If your car has both manual and delayed-action wiper control, then you obviously don't need to install the project described here, except either as a spare, or to experiment with how it works . Most cars that have manual wiper control will also have delay ca- pability, but not necessarily all. If PQ BOARD) FIG. 4— PROTOTYPE OF THE SOLID- STATE WIPER CONTROL. Note that only one end of R6 goes Into the PC board, while its other end goes to the cathode of LED1. your car falls into that category, it'll generally have either an SPDT or DPDT switch for the wiper motor. If it has an SPDT switch, connect RYI in parallel with the manual pulse control switch. For the DPDT switch, a DPDT relay is needed to operate the wiper-delay properly, as in Fig. 2. Pole 1 goes between pole I of the switch and the pulse position. If the DPDT relay doesn't fit in the case you're using for your wiper-delay, FIG. 5— THE INSTALLED SOLID-STATE WIPER CONTROL under the dash. Here, the holes for the lid were drilled out, and 4-40 screws were used to mount the case under the dash. You can also use the lid, and attach the case with Vefcro or double- sided tape. mount it under the dash in a remote location. To operate, turn the ignition on and push SI; LED I should light, and you should adjust R 1 1 for the desired delay time. In rain, use the wipers normally. Since most wipers operate at 2 Hz or faster, the pulse delay shouldn't affect normal operation. If you forget to turn the wiper delay off before shutting off the car, don't worry because it shuts off when you turn off the ignition , and won't turn on again until you start the car and press SI. R-E o z lu Q < CAPACITANCE ADAPTER continued from page 45 sidual-C-null control before con- necting the capacitor. That completes the calibration. There are several ways to obtain a "standard" capacitor for calibration. One way is to have a paper, polyester film, or dipped mica capacitor mea- sured on some other accurate capaci- tance-meter and use that value for the calibration. It is possible to buy poly- styrene capacitors with ±2% ac- curacy. Purchase at least 10 of the same kind and measure each one on the adapter, even though it hasn't been calibrated. Take a numerical average of all the readings and pick the capaci- tor which comes closest to the average and assume that it has the value marked on the body. Calibrate to that value. The more capacitors used, the more accurate the result will be. Operation Using the adapter requires choos- ing the correct range. A range too low FIG. 5 — THE UNIT IS ASSEMBLED on an etched experimenter's board designed for mounting IC's. IC2 should be located at the edge of the board and close to the front-panel terminals for C x - for the value of C x will result in a reading greater than 1 volt, or 1.000 on the voltmeter. A range too high will give readings less than 0.1 volt, or 100, which reduces the accuracy of the readout. For values of C x less than .01 u-F, first adjust the meter to zero with the residual-C-null control with the connecting wires in place but not attached to C x — then connect C x . Use the digital voltmeter's digits, not as volts, but as a multiplier times the range-switch full-scale capacitance to arrive at the value of C x . A leaky capacitor will give an er- roneous high reading. The effect of leakage produces greater errors in the measurement of small capacitors than for larger values. A 470 kilohm leak- age in a 0.047- p-F capacitor produces a 6% error and a 12% error in a 220-pF size. It is therefore good practice to use an ohmmeter to test C x before measuring its capacitance. R-E D '21 TP SINGLE-CHIP FREQUENCY CONVERTER s.^, o ■ft- MICHAEL A. COVINGTON FREQUENCY CONVERTERS ARE BASIC building blocks of RF equipment. You'll find them wherever there's a need to shift the RF carrier of a signal from one frequency to another, such as in any modem radio receiver. Frequency conversion, or hetero- dyning, is the process of mixing an incoming signal with that of a Local Oscillator (LO), as shown in Fig. 1. Two signals result from mixing, their frequencies being the sum and dif- ference of those of the originals. Thus, a 9-MHz input and a 2-MHz LO yield outputs of 7 and 1 1 MHz. Building a frequency converter is easier now than it's ever been because of a new IC, the Signetics NE602. The NE602 contains an LO and dou- ble-balanced mixer in an 8-pin DIP, as shown in Fig. 2, a block diagram of the IC. The NE602 was originally de- signed for VHF receiver front ends, since the LO works up to 200 MHz, and the mixer to 500 MHz. However, it has plenty of uses at lower frequen- cies as well, and this article will ex- plore them. Circuit description The NE602 uses a double-balanced mixer, producing only the sum and difference frequencies, not that of the RF input or LO. You can thus connect \ Introducing a general-purpose single-chip frequency converter which should greatly simplify your RF designs. the output of an NE602 directly to a receiver without overloading it. With a conventional mixer, you'd have to add a tuned LC circuit to eliminate the LO output. The NE602 LO is also well isolated from its RF input; you can thus connect a receiving antenna directly to the RF input terminals of the IC without worrying about radiat- ing the LO signal back out through the antenna. This is important in direct- conversion receivers, where the LO frequency is so close to that of the input, that the two can't be isolated by a tuned LC circuit. MIXER INPUT 9MHi C OUTPUT 7MHI AND 11MHz FIG, 1.— FREQUENCY CONVERSION PRODUCES outputs at the sum and dif- ference of input and LO frequencies. In the case of the NE602, since it's double-bal- anced, both the input and LO signals are absent from the output. The combination of the differential amplifier and mixer in the NE602 is known as a Gilbert cell . The mixer has on-board voltage regulation, and draws 2.5-3 mA at 4.5-8 volts. For best performance, bypass the power supply with a 0.04-p.F capacitor as close to the IC as possible. The abso- lute maximum supply voltage is 9,0 volts, but a 9- volt battery often ex- ceeds that, and 9 -volt wall transfor- mers often deliver as much as 11 volts. For safety, use 1000-ohm dropping re- sistor Rl as shown in Fig. 3; using a Zener diode, you can use automotive power supplies up to 18 volts. The RF input and mixer output can be either single-ended or balanced as shown in Figs. 4 and 5. Using a bal- anced input reduces harmonics, while a balanced output gives better sup- pression of the input RF and LO sig- nals. However, even in the simplest single-ended configuration, the NE602 gives much better perfor- mance than the one-transistor mixer commonly found in receivers. The input and output impedances of the NE602 are about 1.5K at low frequencies, and decrease with in- creasing frequency. The input signal should be weak to prevent harmonics; the third-order intercept point is for a -15 dBm input, but the recommended > 3D CO o 49 CO a z o rx H O LLI I LU Q Q < 50 level is -25 dBm or below. That corre- sponds to 68.87 millivolts into 1 .5K if you use direct coupling, or 12,82 mil- livolts into 52 ohms if you use imped- ance matching. The NE602 works well with microvolt-level signals from antennas. The input signal is amplified prior to mixing; the voltage gain is about 10. Thus, a receiving converter built with the NE602 can increase a re- ceiver's sensitivity. The NE602 LO is a transistor with connections to its base and emitter, with biasing han- Y I GND,'^S. pj) OUT A NE00Z -n BIAS R1 R3 1.5K (GILBERT CELL} 02 I 03 On 0.4 i« ~i. 7 h V, ' osc EMITTER R4 1.5K 1 05 u £W OSC BASE _ff\ OUT B BIAS I , RS T.5K p— ' £m R7 1.5K Wv BIAS i i I J FIG. 2.— NE602 EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT WITH PINOUTS. The combination of differential amplifier Q6-Q7 and mixers Q2-Q3 and Q4-Q5 is called a Gilbert cell. +4.5 -8,0V ^ ^^- + 9V R1 150Q (OPTIONAL) C1 5^ a.04nf NE802 •* RT TK C1 ? 0.04nF * l« NEODZ ~ 3 2. i b FIG. 3,— NE602 POWER SUPPLY OPTIONS. Here, (a)-(c) show an RC-filler used as both current limiter (R1) and integrator (C1), as well as for isolation. In (a), - 4.5-8.0 volts DC is the normal operating range of the NE602. In (b), R1 drops voltage, and is used since a + 9- volt battery can go higher, and a + 9-volt wall supply can produce up to 11 volts. In (c), an + S-18-volt DC supply is regulated using 8.2-volt Zener D1. NE602 L0W-Z n ^ r* 2 1 <70mVRMS <200mVp-p C2S^ FIG. 4.— MIXER RF INPUT CONFIGURATIONS. Here, {a)~ic) are for single-ended coupling, (a) being for no impedance matching, (6) for inductive matching, (c) for capacitive matching. By contrast, (d) is for a balanced input with reduced second harmonic. NEBQZ a died on the chip. That makes ii easy to build many different oscillator types with few external components. Figure 6 shows some of the main versions; there are many others. The NE602 can be used as an oscillator without the mixer. One way is to sam- ple the LO output at pin 7; a better way is to unbalance the mixer and use it to amplify the LO signal, as shown in Ftg. 7. The unbalance is created by a I0K resistor from one input pin to ground, which changes the bias volt- age slightly. The output level of such an oscillator is about 0.5 VAC P-P. Basic crystal oscillator Many frequency converters are crystal-controlled; Rg. 8 shows the most basic version. The low side of XTAL1 and C2 can be returned either to ground or to V cc ; the latter is more compact, because pins 6 and 7 are adjacent to V cc (pin 8). The values of CI and C2 are important. If CI is too large, or C2 is too small, there's too much feedback and the oscillator waveform is distorted, with a strong third harmonic. If CI is too small or C2 is too large, oscillation doesn't occur. Some suggested values for C I and C2 are shown in Fig. 6 along with formulae for calculating them. At high frequencies, CI can be some- what than the value shown because stray capacitance does some of the work. The values shown are for the best sinusoid. If you want to be sure that a relatively inactive crystal will oscillate and don't mind harmonics, make CI three times larger. The third harmonic from such a circuit could be used for VHF. There's also a lower frequency limit; the unmodified cir- cuit will oscillate with a 455-kHz ce- ramic resonator, but not a K)0-kHz crystal. Adding 22K. from pin 7 to ground will increase the oscillator gain, and improve your chances with low- frequency crystals. Precise frequency control A crystal won't necessarily oscil- late at its exact rated frequency. There are two kinds, series- and parallel- resonant. They're electrically identi- cal, the only difference being that se- ries-resonant crystals are cut to an exact frequency, whereas parallel-res- onant crystals are cut slightly longer, so as to resonate independently slightly below their rated frequency. For that reason, parallel -resonant t NEBOZ 4 5 f c FIG. 5.— OUTPUT CONFIGURATIONS. Here, (a) is the simplest single-ended approach without impedance matching, (b) is a single-ended approach for a tuned LC circuit load, and (c) is for a balanced approach for better suppression of input and LO signals. 0.25 VAC RMS 0.70 VAC P-P %c#* .04uF 7 NE602 m FIG. 6.— BASIC NE602 OSCILLATOR CIRCUITS; (a) is Colpitts crystal-controlled, (b) is Colpitts LC-tank-controlled, (c) is Hartley LC -tank-con trolled, and {d) is controlled by an external oscillator. Many other configurations are possible. R1 10KC1 .01(iF IN A Vcc NE602 OSC EMITTER OSC BASE GND OUT A OUTB IN B ■ :Tlf ANY OSCILLATOR .^CONFIGURATION.) (OSCILLATOR °1 SIGNAL OUT, ANY CONFIGURATION.} n XTAL1 CD C1 NE602 GROUND J 0RV«IC2^ j V re -. — » * l i J FIG. 7.— THIS IS A GENERAL CONFIG- URATION for an NE602. To make an LO signal appear at out a (pin 4) and out b (pin 5), in a (pin 1) is grounded through R1. crystals need external capacitors (usually 32 pF) to increase their actual frequency of oscillation to their rated value. In Fig. 8, CI is this capacitor, but it's usually larger than 32 pF and has less effect than the one depicted here . Thus, at 10 MHz, parallel -resonant crystals oscillate about 100 parts per m ill ion (ppm) below their rated fre- quency, while series crystals resonate about 300 ppm above. A parallel-res- onant crystal can be pulled up to its rated frequency using a small variable capacitor in series with it, as in Fig. 9, letting you adjust the oscillator as de- sired. However, even without this ca- pacitor, the frequency error won't be more than 300 ppm (0.03%). Overtone crystal oscillator Above 20 MHz, crystals oscillate in overtone mode, and the oscillator — (MHz C1=100pF^T C2=1000pF/f 1 100 1000 2 70 500 4 50 250 10 32 100 20 22 50 FIG. 8.— FUNDAMENTAL COLPITTS CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR. Note that the juncture of XTAL1 and C2 can go to either ground or V cc . needs a tuned LC circuit to select the desired harmonic. For example, a 27- MHz third-harmonic crystal can reso- nate at 9 MHz (fundamental) or 45 MHz (fifth harmonic). The NE602 I HE802 32pFL0ADT C2?k cc "*" _l_GROUr C3 4 15-eOpF^S PARALLEL- RESONANTaXTALI " C2 UNO - 0RV w FIG.9.— A VARIATION ON FIG. 8, including C3 to adjust the frequency of XTAL1 (par- allel-resonant), bringing it up to its rated value. data sheet recommends a modified Colpitts oscillator for overtone crys- tals, but the Bu'lcr oscillator in Fig. 10 gives much better results. Its crys- tal is series-resonant, and L, and CI are tuned to the crystal frequency. This circuit is reliable to at least 60 MHz. Just adjust L[ and CI until os- cillation occurs. By adjusting this tuned LC circuit, you can trim the frequency by about 50 ppm; for great- er variation, use a parallel-resonant crystal in series with a variable capac- itor for adjustments. FIG. 10.— BUTLER OVERTONE CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR, with CI as trimmer. Here: L1=1300 M.H,and both L1 and C1 haveto be tuned to the frequency of XTAL1. Frequency doublet Figure II shows a crystal-con- trolled frequency doubler with no tuned LC circuits. That circuit is useful in the 20-40 MHz range, but the same method could be used with overtone crystal oscillators for even higher output frequencies. The doubling is achieved by feed- ing the LO from pin 7 into the mixer. The output is 2 x f (where f is the oscillator fundamental frequency), while the difference frequency is zero (or DC), disappearing due to capaci- tive coupling. The output still contains some ener- gy at the LO frequency and isn't pure, but is good enough for hobbyist pur- poses. A tuned LC circuit can easily provide pure output. Of the oscillators shown here, this is the only one that can't be used with the mixer, because one mixer input is occupied (although you could feed a signal to the other mixer input). Figure 1 2 shows a Colpitts LC os- cillator using coils and capacitors. Here, L, forms a resonant circuit with CI and C2 in series, plus C4 in paral- lel. Also, C3 blocks DC from pin 6 to V cc or ground: it has little effect on the resonant frequency. Figure 12 also gives formulas for component values. At very high frequencies, a 22K re- sistor from pin 7 to ground (not V cc ) will change the bias point and in- crease gain. > 33 CO O 51 C1 04nF 2 IN A !NB NEG02 OSC EMITTER OSC GN0 BASE — OUT A OUTB C2 - ,04[iFCC — +5V 7± C3 «£ T33pF 10 °P F ~FS— 1UI - „r c XTAL1 5 -°^ F 10MHz ■ It - — ° 20MH1 OUT FIG. 11.— THIS FREQUENCY DOUBLER PRODUCES a sine wave at twice the fre- quency OF XTAL1. Note that output is taken only from out b (pin 5), while out a (pin 4) is left open. NE602 C4 * CI I GROUND i 0RV w FIG. 12.— COLPITIS LC OSCILLATOR. Here: L1=7 jxH/f, C1-C2-C3-2400 pF/f, where f is in MHz. 455-kHz \ IF TRANSFORMER r 1* ¥ | N A HEBOZ V cc OSC EMITTER INB GND OSC BASE OUT A' OUTB ")h C4 ?r=C5 240pF 47pF IDH XTAL1 4MHz J1 ^C2 f TO lOOOpF = RCVR FIG. 13.— THIS CONVERTER DOWN-CON- VERTS LONGWAVE signals from 350-500 kHz up to 4.35-4.5 MHz, enabling them to be received via a shortwave receiver plugged into J1. Longwave receiver converter Figure 1 3 shows a frequency con- verter front end for a shortwave re- ceiver to receive longwave signals (350-500 kHz). It mixes the incom- ing signal with the 4-MHz signal from the LO. For example, 400 kHz incom- ing produces 4.4 and 3.6 MHz. The shortwave receiver will receive the g signal if tuned to either frequency, z The input has a tuned LC circuit to £ prevent spurious response, o If the receiver is set to 4.4 MHz, y then without the tuned LC circuit | you'd listen to 400 kHz and 8.4 MHz, 6 because each gives a 4.4-MHz output S: when mixed with the LO. The tuned LC circuit at the input selects one and rejects the other. This circuit was at- tached to a shortwave receiver, and immediately received several long- wave navigational beacons in nearby states. A long wire antenna works, but loops pick up less noise because they are directional. Direct-conversion receiver A frequency converter can shift fre- quencies up or down. However, if you shift an RF signal down to audio, you get an audio signal. This is called direct-conversion reception, and can demodulate Single-Sideband (SSB) and Morse code Continuous- Wave (CW) transmissions. It demodulates AM, but there's a whine if the tuning isn't perfect. Figure 14 shows such a direct-con- version receiver for the 40 meter band (7.5 MHz), that was able to receive several amateur radio stations using a 3-foot whip antenna. The design could be refined; tuning would be easier with a variable capacitor in- stead of an adjustable coil. 10.8-MHz IF TRANSFORMERS f^i 3. INB OSC EMITTER GND OUT A OSC BASE OUTB 5 C6 "™330pF .04U.F * TO RCVR FIG. 14.— DIRECT-CONVERSION RE- CEIVER for the 40-meter (7-MHz) amateur radio band, where CW is directly down- converted to audio. Conclusion There are basically three RF circuit types- — amplifiers, oscillators, and frequency converters. The NE602 makes frequency conversion easier than ever. Both it and related IC's will eventually become basic building blocks of RF design. This article has only scratched the surface of the pos- sibilities for the NE602. In an IF sec- tion, it makes a good product detector. By mixing audio with RF, it can act as an AM or DSB modulator. By mixing audio with audio, the NE602 can be the heart of an ultra- sonic listener (by down-converting high-frequency audio) or a speech scrambler to add security to telephone conversatins. You can get NE602's at $2.00 each, plus $2.50 per order postage and han- dling per order, from the Small Parts Center, 68 1 8 Meese Drive, Lansing, MI 48911, (517) 882-6447; there's 'no minimum order. They're are also available from Arrow Electronics, Schweber Electronics, and many other Signetics distributors, with $25.00 typical minimum orders. Be sure to specify whether you want the NE602N (8-pin DIP) or NE602D (surface mount package). 'tou also may prefer to order the NE602A, which will be replacing the NE602 imminently; it has somewhat improved intercept characteristics, re- sulting in less harmonic generation and intermodulation distortion. To specify the desired package type, you'd refer to the NE602AN or NE602AD. We would like to thank Phil Anzalone, AH Fotowat, and Craig Hirtz of Signetics for their in- valuable assistance in preparing this article. R-E POWER LINE GLITCHES continued from page 42 13-16. Figure 13 shows a normal power sinusoid, Fig. 14 shows har- monic distortion, Fig. 15 shows a brief glitch, and Fig. 16 shows a brief power outage. Conclusion Those graphs shown in Figs. 8-16 show only a few of many possible disturbances. Power glitches are com- mon and readily identified. Most are easily fixed, the culprit often being poor wiring, bad grounding, or load switching — all can be corrected cheaply. The most common, practical countermeasure is to install a separate power line from the circuit-breaker box involved to the device being inter- fered with, like a PC. Power monitors make identifica- tion easy, but they're generally too expensive, and would be needed too infrequently, to warrant purchase by the average hobbyist. They can, how- ever, be rented for short periods, on an as-needed basis, letting you derive the benefits of their technology without making a major investment. R-E 52 ssmssyjE AUDIO AMPLIFIERS IC's A look at practical IC audio- power amplifiers in automotive applications. RAY MARSTON LAST MONTH WE DISCUSSED SEVERAL practical audio-power amplifier IC's. This month, we continue with our sur- vey, focusing on automotive audio ap- plications. Among the devices we'll examine are the LM390, LM383, TDA2002, and the LM377/8/9 series. The LM390 is a 1-watt audio-power amplifier IC that's optimized for a power supply (V cc ) of + 6-9-volts ( + 10 volts maximum). Using a +6- volt power supply, the LM390 can deliver 1 watt into a 4- ohm speaker. It's housed in a 14-pin Dual-/nline Package (DIP), and features an inter- nal heat sink that's connected on one side to pins 3, 4, and 5, and on the other side to pins 10, 11, and 12. Figure 1 shows the internal circuit and pinout connections of the LM390. You may notice that it's sim- ilar to the LM388 discussed last month, but the output stage has been optimized for maximum output swing. The inputs are ground-refer- enced, and the output automatically self-biases to a quiescent value of V cc /2 when the output stage is DC- biased via external resistors between pins 9 and 14. The overall voltage gain of the LM390 is internally set at 20, but can be increased to 200 using a shunt ca- pacitor between pins 2 and 6. Figures 2-5 show some applications using the LM390. Figure 2 shows the LM390 as a 1-watt amplifier driving a 4-ohm speaker from a + 6- volt power supply. The output stage is DC biased by Rl GAIN BYPASS 1 1 '1 7 i ' 1 f ' 2 f- GR0UND TO HEATSINK FIG. 1— INTERNAL CIRCUIT AND PIN CONNECTIONS of the LM390 1-watt battery oper- ated audio- power amplifier. +6V FIG. 2— AN LM390 USED AS A 1-WATT AM- PLIFIER. The overall internal voltage gain is 200 with C5. and 20 without. and R2 in series between V cc and pin 9. The R I -R2 junction is bootstrapped from the output via C2, so that the AC impedance of the R2-C2 combination is far greater than the DC resistance of R2 alone. Figure 3 shows an alternative con- figuration for the LM390. Here, DC is fed to pin 9 via the speaker and Rl , but here, Rl is bootstrapped via C2, achieving performance similar to that of the version shown in Fig. 2. but with a savings of two parts. Figure 4 shows two LM390's in a bridge am- plifier, delivering 2.5 watts into a 4- ohm speaker from a +6- volt power supply. Also, R6 balances the LM390 quiescent outputs, minimizing quies- cent current. Figure 5 shows a single LM390 used in an intercom. Here, R4-C5 provides a gain of: A v = 15 K/51 ohms=300. The LM390 has poor rip- ple-reject ion, which can be overcome by adding a 10 pF or larger capacitor from pin I to ground. Each of the amplifier configurations shown in Figs. 2-5 have a resistor and capacitor in series from the output of the LM930 to ground, forming a Zobel network which enhances circuit sta- + 6V FIG. 3— AN LM390 USED AS A 1-WATT AM- PLIFIER with A v = 20 and speaker re- turned to the + 6- volt power supply. > J] CO to 5 53 +6V J, -wv |(- 2.7il 047 3,4,5, 10,11.12 ^-^^r" SPKR ■Hi R7 470K iil BALANCE ^VA= 3,4,5, 10,11,12 FIG. 4— TWO LM390'S USED AS A BRIDGE AMPLIFIER delivering 2.5 watts into a 4-Ohm speaker. +6V I MASTER TALK SPKR 4(1 LISTEN R1 18012 3.4,5, 10.11.12 M 3= 1 C4 51" > T* m; A3 2.7Q ,047 S1-a TALK LISTEN? St-b REMOTE | SPKR 4tt FIG. 5— AN LM390 USED IN AN INTERCOM and microphone. . Note how S1 -a and Si-b interchange speaker TABLE 1- V cc (volts) -APPROXIMATE PERFORMAN OF THE LM377/8/9 AMP Power Limit per Channel (watts) CE CHARACTERISTICS LIFIERS Maximum Output Power per Channel (watts) LM377 LM378 LM379 8-ohm load 16-ohm load 12 2,5 5.0 6.0 1.6 1.0 16 2.5 5.0 6.0 2.2 1.5 18 2.5 5.0 6.0 3.0 1.8 20 2.5 5.0 6.0 3.8 2.4 w ?? 2.5 5.0 6.0 4.6 2.8 o o 24 — 5.0 6.0 5.4 3.6 o LU 26 — — 6.0 6.0 4.2 I LU 6 Q < DC 28 — — 6.0 7.0 5.0 30 — — 6.0 — 5.5 FIG. 6— AN LM383 USED IN A 5,5-WATT AUDIO AMPLIFIER for use in automotive audio applications. FIG. 7— AN LM2002 USED IN A 5.2-WATT automotive-audio amplifier. bility; they can be eliminated in some applications. LM383 circuits The LM383 is described as an 8- watt audio-power amplifier IC. It's specifically designed for use in auto- motive audio applications, in which the "running" power supply has a nominal value of 14. 4 volts. At that level, the LM383 can typically deliver 5.5 watts intoa4-ohm speaker, or 8.6 watts into a 2-ohm speaker. In reality, the IC can operate using + 5-20-volts DC, can deliver peak output currents of 3.5 amps, and has a current-limited and thermally-protected output stage. The LM383 is housed in a 5-pin TO-220 package, and is very easy to use. Figure 6 shows an application in a 5. 5- watt automotive-audio ampli- fier. Here, the closed- loop gain is 100 via the R1-R2-C3 feedback network, and the LM383 is made non-inverting by feeding the input signal to pin 1 via CI. Also, C2 and C4 ensure high- frequency stability, but C4 must be physically close to pins 3 and 4. It is also possible to use LM383's in a bridge configuration for higher power. 54 LM2002 (TDA2002) circuits The LM2002 is an 8-watt auto- motive-audio amplifier IC, equivalent to the TDA2002, and housed in a 5- pin TO-220 package. It can deliver 5.2 watts into a 4-ohm speaker, or 8 watts into a 2-ohm speaker. It uses a + 5-20-volt power supply, can deliv- er peak output currents of 3.5 amps, and has a current-limited and ther- mally-protected output. It's similar to the LM383, but has a slightly less efficient output, with consequent lower output power into a given load. Figure 7 shows an application of an LM2002 used in a 5,2-watt auto- motive-audio amplifier, with a closed-loop gain of 100 set by Rl , R2, and C3. Here, R3 and C4 ensure high- frequency stability, and have to be close to pins 3 and 4. Two LM2002's or TDA2002's can be used to form a 16- watt automotive-audio bridge am- plifier. LM377/8/9 circuits National Semiconductor has a range of dual power-amplifier IC's for mono, stereo, and bridge amplifier applications. The best known are the LM377 2-watt, the LM378 4-watt, and the LM379 6-watt versions. Fig- ure 8 shows the outlines of their DIP's with pinouts, and Table 1 their ap- proximate performance charac- teristics. They alt have high- impedance differential input stages and fully-protected output stages, but differ in voltage, power, and pack- ages. The input stages are DC-biased to V rc /2, and a bias generator is built into the IC. Figure 9 shows a general inverting stereo amplifier using a single-ended power supply. The IC depicted can be any of those in the accompanying ta- ble, which lists typical performance. The amplifiers in the IC are biased by connecting each non- in verting input to the bias terminal (pin I on the LM377 or LM378, or pin 14 on the LM379), and the closed- loop gain of each is about 50 (R2/R1 or R4/R3). Figure 10 shows how the above circuit can be used in non- inverting mode using a single-ended power supply, with the gain of each half set at 50 (R4/R3 or R6/R5), and the non- in ver- ting input terminals of the amplifiers biased internally. It is possible to power the circuit of Rg. 10 by using a split power supply. In that case, the internal bias gener- ator is ignored, and the non-inverting GND< FEEDBACK1 - -01JT2 GNO NC own 0UT1 <{ IN1- • FEED8ACK2 FEEDBACK! ■ IN2 FEEBBACK2 LM377 DUAL 2-WATT AMP! IFIFR LM378 DUAL 4-WATT AMPLIFIER LM379 DUAL 6-WATT AMPLIFIER a b FIG. 8— OUTLINES AND PIN NOTATIONS OF THE popular LM377/8/9 dual amplifiers IN1o-|( CI R1 47 22K C2 14 C3 47BnF JT»T IN2 c— j( — \^W C5 *»3 .47 22K R4 1MEG m m m (5) (14) (9) IC1 (8) (10) (3,4,11.12) 3,4,5, 10,11,12 R2 1MEG C4 470jiF typical Performance or. the Inverting Stored Arnplrficr 13 1 1MAX) SPKR 8il V„,(MAX| ■ F'PROX) C6 470^F fl SPKR NOTE: -LM379 PIN NUMBERS ARE SHOWN IN PARENTHESES. FIG. 9— SIMPLE INVERTING STEREO AMPLIFIER using the LM377/8/9 dual amplifiers. N0TI: -LM379 PIN NUMBERS ARE SHOWN \K PARANTHESES. FIG. 10— NON-INVERTING STEREO AMPLIFIER USING a single-ended power supply. input of each amplifier is DC-coupled to the ground half-supply point via R6 and R7. Figure ll illustrates how to boost the available power of one half of an LM378 to 15 watts, while generating only 0.05% Total tfarmonic Distor- tion (THD) at 10 watts. At very low power, Ql and Q2 are inoperative, and power is led directly to the speaker via R2. At high power, Ql and Q2 form a complementary emitter follower, providing most of the power to the speaker. Also, R2 and Q1-Q2 are wired into the negative feedback loop, generating negligible cross-over dis- tortion. Figure 12 shows an applica- tion of both halves of an LM377/8/9 in a mono bridge amplifier feeding high power into a DC-coupled speak- er. > TJ 33 O 55 LEFT CHANNEL IN NOTE; -PIN CONNECTIONS FOR IDENTICAL RIGHT CHANNEL SHOWN INPAFtANTHESES FIG. 11— ONE CHANNEL OF A 15-WATTS-PER-CHANNEL stereo amplifier using a single- ended power supply. IC1 Voc ijHftH J "out LM377 LM37S JLM379 14V 22V 28 V au 4w 1511 ! 8W 151) 1 13W N0TE:-LM379 PIN NUMBERS ARE SHOWN IN PARENTHESES. FIG. 12— BRIDGE AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT USING dual-amplifier IC's, + 14.4V 03 O FIG. 13— A TBA810S USED AS A 7- WATT AUTOMOTIVE-AUDIO amplifier. O DC o LU Q < The LM1877 IC The LM1877 dual 2-watt power amplifier IC is an improved pin-for- pin replacement for the LM377, to be used in place of the LM1877 when- ever possible. It provides improved performance in terms of very low cross-over distortion, very high input impedance, and high slew rate, but has slightly worse ripple rejection and higher quiescent current than the LM377. Assorted amps The remainder of this discussion will give brief descriptions of a few popular audio-power amplifier IC's, with applications for each. The TBA810S can deliver several watts for automotive audio applications. It fea- tures protection against power supply polarity inversion and high-voltage transients. Figure 13 shows an application that uses a TBA8105 as a 7-watt auto- motive-audio amplifier; the gain is determined by R2, while Rl performs output biasing and is bootstrapped via C8, and R3-C7 functions as a Zobel network , The TBA820M is a low-power am- plifier IC capable of delivering a few hundred milliwatts into a 4— 16-ohm speaker, and is housed in an 8-pin DIP. It can run on as little as + 3 volts, and has low quiescent current, good ripple rejection, and low cross-over distortion. Figure 14 shows an application of a TBA820M as a low- power audio am- plifier, where the gain is determined by R2 , and R3 -C6 is a Zobel network . It can run on a + 16-volt single-ended power supply using a 16-ohm speaker, a + 12- volt power supply using an 8- ohm speaker, or a + 9-volt power sup- ply using a 4-ohm speaker. The TDS20G5M is a 20- watt auto- motive audio-power booster IC housed in an 11 -pin package, fully output short- protected. It houses two internal bridge-connected power am- plifiers, providing high power into a 2-ohm speaker from a + !4.4-volt power supply. Figure 15 shows an ap- plication as a 20-watt automotive au- dio-power booster; all electrolytic capacitors should be rated at a mini- mum of + 25 volts. The TDA2006 and TDA2030 are high-quality amplifiers capable of being used using either split or single- ended power supplies, and generating less than 0.1% distortion when deliv- ering 8 watts into a 4-ohm speaker. They're housed in a 5-pin TO-220 package with an insulated hcatsink bolted directly to an external heat sink with no insulating washer. Figure 16 shows the package and pin connections for both the TDA2006 and TDA2030, and Figure 17 shows an application that uses a TDA2006 in an 8-watt amplifier powered by a split power supply, with the non-inverting input tied to ground via Rl. Here, high-frequency roll-off 56 FIG. 14— A TBA820M USED AS A LOW-POWER audio amplifier. use up to + 36 volts in the case of a single-ended power supply, and ± 18 volts in the case of a split power sup- ply. Using a + 28-voit single-ended power supply, it delivers 12 watts into a 4-ohm speaker or 8 watts into an 8- ohm speaker, with a THD of 0.05% at 1 kHz and 7 watts out. Figure 18 shows an application of the TDA2030 as a 15-watt amplifier using a + 30-volt single-ended power supply and 4-ohm speaker, with 30 dB gain. The performance that you can ob- tain from the circuits presented can be quite impressive. While they form an excellent starting point for an original amplifier design, they can also be used in other projects. For example, with a hand-full of parts and a little bit Jr+r-VA- FIG. 17— A TDA2006 USED AS AN 8-WATT AMPLIFIER using a split power supply. NOTE: -ALL CAPACITORS RATED AT 25VWK. MINIMUM FIG. 15— A TDA2005M USED AS A 20- WATT AUTOMOTIVE audio-power booster. TDA200B AND TDA2030 TO-220 PACKAGE INSULATED HEAT TAB OUT FIG. 18— A TDA2030 USED AS A 15-WATT AMPLIFIER using a single-ended power supply. FIG. 16— THE TO-220 OUTLINE AND PIN CONNECTIONS of the TDA2006 and TDA2030. is achieved via R4-C5, and the gain is set by R3/R2, or 22. Diode Dl and D2 protect the output against damage from back-EMF from the speaker, and R5 and C6 form a Zobel network. The TDA2030 is an upgraded TDA2006 housed in a 5-pin TO-220 package with insulated heat tab. It can of work, you can transform the output of your personal portable stereo into car-filling sound. If you have an older car stereo (and who doesn't?) with blown final output amplifiers, you might find that many of the circuits we presented will fill the bill nicely. R-E > J3 o 57 R-E Engineering Admart m Rates: Ads are 2Vt" x 2W. One insertion S950. Six insertions $925. each Twelve rtions 5895. each. Closing date same as regular rate card. Send order with ittance to Engineering Admart, Radio Electronics Magazine, 500-B Bi-County , Farmingdale, NY 11735. Direct telephone inquiries to Arline Fishman, area 516-293-3000. Only 100% Engineering ads are accepted for this Admart. 6805 MICROCOMPUTER DEVELOPMENT SYSTEM The MCPM T sysleni allows the IBM PC and compatibles to be used as a complete developmenl system for the Motorola MC6S705P3, PS. U3. US A3 and R5 single chip microcomputers The system includes a cross assembler program, a simulaior/debugrjef program and a programming board I hat connects too serial port Price— $449 00 VISA and MASTERCARD accepted 'the EKSIKEinS ' COLUBOBtUfE. IMC. RR#3, BOX 8C Barton, Vermont 05822 Phone (802) 525-3458 FAX (802! 525-3451 FCC LICENSE PREPARATION The FCC has revised and updated the coinnwcial license exam. The NEW EXAM covers updated marine and aviation rules and regulations, transistor and digital circuitry. THE GENERAL RADIOTELEPHONE OPERATOR LICENSE - STUDY GUIDE contains vital information. VIDEO SEMINAR KITS ARE NOW AVAILABLE, WPT PUBLICATION 979 Young Street, Suite A Woodburn, Oregon 97071 Phone (503) 981-5159 Surface Mount Chip Component -*- Prototyping Kits— ■ Only CC-i Capacitor Kit contains 365 pieces, 5 o a of every 10% value from ipUo .33jJ. CR-1 Resistor Kit contains 1 540 pieces: *0 ea. oJ every 5% vbJub Irani IQfl |o 10 megfi. Sizes are 0805 and I20G. Each kit is ONLY S49 95 and available tor Imrnediaie One Day Delivery! Order by toll-free phone, FAX. or mail. We accept VISA, MC, AMEX, COO. or Pre-paid orders Company P.O.'s accepted with approved credit. Call for Iree deiailed brochure, J COMMUNICATIONS SPECIALISTS. INC. • 426 West Taft Ave. • Orange, CA 92665-4296 ' Local [71 4) 998-3021 - PAX (714) 974-3420 Entire USA 1 -800-854-0547 CIRCLE 191 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD CIRCLE 185 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD CIRCLE 187 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD PC Service -4 V< INCHES- FOIL PATTERN for the windshield-wiper ,,-, delay unit. g z o i LU _l LU q ABOVE RIGHT is the component side of 5 the PC Access, At right is the solder side. < yr^= • # ^- * j • * I T T • • • 7* •— ' +— r * • [* — \ * \ — / ~i ••"••> • • • * • • * • • • ^-» ^m if -A '/4 INCHES- -H 58 Hardware Hacker ^ VS- Organic Vapor Detectors Low Melting Point Alloys Alternate Energy Resources Ultraviolet Flame Detector Five Band Equalizer Circuit Alternate-energy resources DON LANCASTER WE SEEM TO HAVE A REALLY MIXED BAG of outstanding goodies this month, so let's just jump right in. As usual, please note that all of our referenced sources appear in ei- ther the alternate-energy resource sidebar or in the names and num- bers box. Harardous materials I've gotten several calls asking how to dispose of any spent printed-circuit etchant. Since I'm part of the Haz-Mat team at our local fire department, I thought we'd look at the big picture first. Back to square one. We can define a hazardous ma- teria! as any substance that is out to do you in. It might burn, ex- plode, be chemically reactive, be biologically active, poisonous, ra- dioactive, or might interact vio- lently with water or air. As a hardware hacker, you prob- ably expose yourself to hundreds of hazardous materials. Knowing ahead of time what these nasties are and what they an do to you is common sense. Most industrial chemicals and by-products have to provide a Materials Safety Data Sheet. Ob- viously, you'll wantto read and col- lect them. If you have any employees, you are required by law to make any relevant sheets available to them on request. Unfortunately, most MSDS list- ings do a total whitewash job and dwell on stupid trivia. For in- stance, the sheet on Kapton films goes out of its way to tell you that these films are slippery and you can trip on them if you leave them on the floor. But they make no ob- vious mention that Kapton turns from an insulator into a conductor above a certain temperature, total- ly thrashing any computer or elec- tronic system it is involved with. Always watch for understatement, weasel words, and any misdirec- tion when you are reading the sheets. One of the best Haz-Mat refer- ences is the "yellow" book from DOT, otherwise known as the Emergency Response Guidebook. It lists most industrial chemicals and tells competent professionals how to deal with them under emergency conditions. Single copies are obtainable at no charge on request. LMA-117 Melts at 117 Degrees F. Contracts slightly on cooling. About $7,50 per ounce. LMA-158 Melts at 158 Degrees F. Expands slightly on cooling, About $1.35 per ounce. LMA-255 Melts at 255 Degrees F. Expands slightly on cooling About $1.00 per ounce. LMA-281 Melts at 281 Degrees F. Expands slightly on cooling. About $2.20 per ounce. FIG. 1— SOME LOW-TEMPERATURE AL- LOYS you can get through Small Parts. Two of these can be melted and cast with boiling water. What hacker uses can you think of? A second resource is the 24- hour emergency telephone number from Chemtrec at (800) 424-9300. It's a free chemical-in- dustry service that can instantly place you in contact with experts on any hazardous material. But note that it's an emergency re- sponse number, sort of a nation- wide 911. Do not use it for idle chat. An interesting free trade journal that deals with hazardous mate- rials is Pollution Equipment News. That one also exposes you to some real pneumatic and electronic gems that you might not otherwise see. Naturally, any genuine Haz-Mat incident should be handled by the professionals, usually contacted by your local 911 number. One of the hardest things for the pros to learn is that their preconditioned "Save my Baby!" super-aggressive initial fire-attack strategy is most often dead wrong in a Haz-Mat in- cident. Doing nothing at all is usu- ally far better then becoming part of the problem. The quantity of the material and the way you store it will also make a big difference. Common sense is an obvious factor here. In the case of ammonium-per- sulfate printed-circuit etchant, storage of the dry etchant in small and sealed plastic containers is recommended. Tupperware works quite well. Some ammonium-per- sulfate etchants also include a highly poisonous mercury ac- ^ tivator. So never work in your p kitchen, always be in a well-venti- ^ lated area, and always wear safety g 59 WARNING: Extreme shock and "hot chassis" danger in this circuit as shown! All capacitors are 500 volts. 1 uF 1N4005 ■ l ( I M R2868 UVTRON 115 VAC POWER LIME 1N4005 10 Meg -MVv- ■ 1 jlF =p 220 pf 4.7 K -Wfr- -© cathode OUTPUT PULSES 10K .001 4= kk FIG. 2— AN ULTRA-VIOLET FLAME SENSOR. The circuit is basically a neon lamp relaxa- tion oscillator. Its frequency is a few counts per minute in the absence of a flame, and a mid to high audio frequency with a flame present. Figure 1 sums up their properties. The melting points for those al- loys are set to 117 degrees Fahren- heit, 158 degrees, 255 degrees, and 281 degrees. They are available in quarter- and one-pound sizes, and range in price from $28 to $78 per pound. Unfortunately, the 117 de- gree one is by far the most expen- sive, since it is around one-fifth irridiurn, a precious metal. Those two alioys with the lowest melting point can easily be cast from a "crucible" placed inside boiling water on your stove. Plas- terorsiiicon-rubber molds should work just fine. While you could, in theory, mix glasses and plastic gloves. Note that ammonium persulfate is an oxidizer. If you use a wooden spoon to stir it, and come back a week or two later, the chances are that you'll have nothing but a burned-off spoon handle left. Do avoid all contacts between am- monium persulfate and organic materials. To dispose of the etchant, con- tact your local environmental con- o o a: H O o o < DC 60 NEW FROM DON LANCASTER HANDS-ON BOOKS Hardware Hacker Reprints II 24.50 Ask The Guru Reprints I or II 24,50 CMOS Cookbook 18.50 TTL Cookbook 16.50 Active Filter Cookbook 15,50 Micro Cookbook vol I or II 16,50 Enhancing your Apple i or II 17.50 AppleWriter Cookbook 19.50 Apple Assembly Cookbook 21 .50 Incredible Secret Money Machine 10.50 LaserWriter Reference (Apple) 19.50 PostScript Cookbook (Adobe) 16.50 PostScript Ret. Man, (Adobe) 22.50 PostScript Prog. Design (Adobe) 22.50 Real World Postscript (Roth) 22.50 UNLOCKED SOFTWARE LaserWriter Secrets (lie; Mac. PC) 29.50 PostScript Show & Tell 39,50 Intro to PostScript VHS Video 39.50 PostScript Beginner Stuff 39,50 PostScript Perspective Draw 39,50 PostScript Technical Illustrations 39.50 PostScript Work In Progress 39.50 PostScript BBS stuff 19.50 Absolute Reset lie & He 19.50 AppleWriter/ LaserWriter Utilities 49.50 Enhance I or II Companion Disk 19.50 AppleWriter CB or Assy CB Disk 24.50 FREE VOICE HELPLINE VISA'MC SYNERGETICS Box 809-RE Thatcher, AZ 85552 (602) 428-4073 CIRCLE S3 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD 22 uF tj +9 VDC O * 47jiF ^_ -O OUTPUT 3,3 uF 1000 4.7 K 039fi -p .012ji -p 0.68"- 0.22u INPUT o-Wr— ■:( IkU- 3900 .068)1 s 1200 =f^ .022n 3 390 :=k 6800 3 3 4.7 K 3.3 u.F (108 Hz} 100K x 5 (343 Hz) (1080 Hz) (3430 Hz) (10.8 kHz) FIG. 3— A 5-BAND GRAPHIC EQUALIZER that uses a single Samsung integrated circuit. A pair of chips can be used for ten bands. servation agency and ask them for the requirements in your area. Low-temperature alloys I just got a new copy of Catalog #12 from Small Parts. As we've seen a time or two in the past, those folks are a great source for everything your hardware store never heard of, besides custom cutting small quantities of metal and plastics for you. Several of their more interesting products include a series of four low-temperature melting alloys. the alloys together to get different melting points, it pays to know what you are doing. Otherwise, in- stead of a free flowing eutetic liq- uid, you might end up with so much dross. Metallurgy and all. 1 can think of all sorts of unusual and off-the-wall uses for them, but why don't you tell me instead? As ourcontestthis month, justdream up a unique application for a low melting point alloy. There'll be all the usual Incredible Secret Money Machine book prizes, along with an all-expense paid (FOB Thatcher, NAMES AND Chemtrec Use this number ONLY for a Haz-Mat emergency. (800) 424-9300 DonJer llene Court Building 8 Beile Mead, NJ 08502 (800) 336-6537 CIRCLE 239 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD Figaro Engineering Box 357 Wiimetre, IL 60091 (708) 256-3546 CIRCLE 240 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD Hamamatsu PO Box 6910 Bridgewater, NJ 08807 (201) 231-0960 CIRCLE 241 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD Klockit PO Box 636 Lake Geneva, Wl 53147 (800) 556-2548 CIRCLE 242 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD Logical Devices 6600 NW 12th Ave., Ste 203 Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33309 (800) 331-7766 CIRCLE 204 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD Midnight Engineering PO Box 7041 Fort Collins, CO 80525 (303) 491-9092 CIRCLE 205 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD NEC 401 Ellis Street Mountain View, CA 94043 (800) 632-3531/(415) 960-6000 CIRCLE 206 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD Pollution Equipment News 8650 Babcock Blvd Pittsburgh, PA 15237 (412) 364-5366 CIRCLE 207 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD AZ) tinaja quest for two for the best entry of all. Please be sure to send your written entries directly to me and not over to Radio-Elec- tronics editorial. A flame detector At one time way back when, far and away the numero uno hacker component was the NE-2 neon NUMBERS Samsung 3725 North First Street San Jose, CA 95134 (408) 434-5400 CIRCLE 208 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD SGS-Thomson 1000 East Bell Road Phoenix, AZ 85022 (602) 867-6259 CIRCLE 209 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD Silicon Systems 14351 Myford Road Tustin, CA 92680 (714) 731-7110 CIRCLE 210 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD Small Parts PO Box 381966 Miami, FL 33238 {305} 751-0856 CIRCLE 211 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD Stock Drive Products 2101 Jericho Turnpike New Hyde Park, NY 11040 (516) 328-0200 CIRCLE 212 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD Synergetics Box 809 Thatcher, AZ 85552 (602) 428-4073 CIRCLE 213 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD Tektronix PO Box 500 Beaverton, OR 97077 (800) 835-9433 CIRCLE 214 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD Texas Instruments PO Box 1443 Houston, TX 77001 (800) 232-3200 CIRCLE 215 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD US DOT; ATTN: DHM-50 400 7th St SW, RM 84-20 Washington, DC 20590 (202) 366-0656 CIRCLE 216 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD lamp. It was incredible what you could do with them, fan el lamps, night lights, polarity detectors, spike protectors, winking os- cillators, tiny disco stars, tone gen- erators for electronic organs, vacuum-tube filament checkers, hot chassis testers, triggers, volt- age regulators, and great heaping bunches more. CMS-302 Oxygen combusiion sensor. Externally heated to 700-900 C. 12 volt supply. TGS-100 For fumes and odors in air. 1 volt, 440 milliwatt heater. 100 volt supply. TGS-109 For natural gas and gasoline. 1 volt, 440 milliwatt heater. 100 volt supply, TGS-203 For carbon monoxide. 0.8 voll, TOO milliwatt heater. 12 volt supply. TGS-813 For propane and methane. 5 volt. 830 milliwatt heater. 24 volt supply. TGS-822 For DWI breath alcohol testers. 5 voll. 830 milliwatt heater. 24 voll supply. TGS-880 For automatic microwave cooking. 5 voll, 830 milliwatt heater. 24 volt supply. FIG. 4— A FEW VAPOR DETECTORS from Figaro Engineering. Each gets optimized for specific sensing tasks. Sadly, the good old ten cent neon lamp isn't even on most hacker charts any more, done in by its need for high voltage, and its limited brightness and color range. Sigh. But the Hamamatsu folks have come up with an interesting varia- tion on the traditional neon lamp. It is known as an UVTRON R2868 flame sensor. Figure 2 shows you a typical cir- cuit. Any open flame has lots of ultraviolet energy associated with it. The circuit is a simple relaxation oscillator. In the absence of any ultraviolet energy, the oscillator fires only every few seconds or so. When sensing, the oscillator fires as much as 5000 times a second. Thus, you get an audio tone out in the presence of the ultraviolet en- ergy from a flame, and only a few random clicks otherwise. It's sensitive enough to easily detect a match at 10 feet. While the > to to 5 61 LEARN VCR CLEANING/MAINTENANCE/REPAIR EARN UP TO $1000 A WEEK.WORKING PART TIME FROM YOUR OWN HOME! THE MONEY MAKING OPPORTUNITY OF THE ISM'S IF you are able to work with common small hand tools, and are familiar with basic electronics (i.e. able to use voltmeter, understand DC electronics). . . . IF you possess average mechanical anility, and have a VCR on which to practice and team. . . .then we can teach YOU VCR maintenance and repair! FACT: up to 90% of ALL VCR malfunctions are due to simple MECHANICAL or ELECTRO-MECHANICAL breakdowns! FACT: over 77 million VCBs in use today nationwidel Average VCR needs service or repair every 12 to 18 months! Viejo's 400 PAGE TRAINING MANUAL (over 500 pho- tos and illustrations} and AWARD-WINNING VIDEO TRAINING TAPE reveals the SECRETS of VCR mainte- nance and repair— "real world" information that is NOT available elsewhere! Also includes all the info you'll need regarding the BUSINESS-SIDE of running a successful service op- eration! 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AAA/ Banner Technical Books, Inc. 1203 Grant Ave. Rockford, IL 61103 ALTERNATE ENERGY RESOURCES Arco Solar PO Box 6032 Carmarillo, CA 93010 (805) 482-6800 CIRCLE 217 ON EREE INFORMATION CARD Assoc of Energy Engineers 4025 Pieasantdaie S420 Atlanta, GA 30340 (404) 447-5083 CIRCLE 218 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD Bergey Windpower 2001 Priestley Avenue Norman. OK 73069 (405) 364-4212 CIRCLE 219 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD Snow Belt Solar 286 Wilson Street Amherst, Wl 54406 (715) 824-3982 CIRCLE 228 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD Solar Energy Maxwell House, Fairview Park Elmsford, NY 10523 (914) 592-7700 CIRCLE 229 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD Solar Energy Research Inst 1617 Cole Blvd Golden, CO 80401 (303) 231-1000 CIRCLE 230 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD Solar Jack 325 East Main Satford, AZ 85546 (602) 428-1092 CIRCLE 231 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD Energy depot 61 Paul Drive San Rafael, CA 94903 (415) 499-1333 CIRCLE 220 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD Home Power PO Box 130 Hornbrook, CA 96044 (916) 475-3179 CIRCLE 221 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD HVAC Product News 400 N. 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AZ 86002 (602) 526-0997 CIRCLE 235 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD Whole Earth Review 27 Gate Five Road Sausalito, CA 94965 (415) 332-1716 CIRCLE 236 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD Yellow Jacket Solar Box 253 Yellow Jacket, CO 81335 (303) 562-4884 Sandia National Labs PO Box 5800 Albuquerque, NM 87185 (505) 844-5678 CIRCLE 227 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD Zomeworks PO Box 25805 Albuquerque, NM 87125 (505) 242-5354 CIRCLE 238 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD 62 CIRCLE 67 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD recommended supply voltage should be within ten percent of 325 volts, you can usually work with the simple line-operated volt- age doubler shown. Note that it is a "hot chassis" type of circuit with a severe shock hazard potential. Vou'll probably want to use an optocoupler on the output in your final circuit, and an input isolation transformer would also be a good idea. The output pulses are normally around eight voits high and about five microse- conds wide. Two use tips: Be sure the anode resistor is physically quite close to your flame sensor. And avoid hav- ing two sensors near each other, since they produce ultraviolet in use and could badly interact or even latch. Hamamatsu also makes small and complete flame-sensor circuit cards ready for use that run off the usual 24-volt AC thermostat trans- former. While intended for flame detection in gas heaters and air conditioners, there should be lots of other interesting hacker uses. What can you come up with here? A great new data book I've seen some exciting data books before, but this one is way off the scale. It reads like a pulp novel that you literally cannot put down. Each and every page is crammed full of outstanding new low-cost hacker integrated circuits that cry to be used. I am referring to the new Linear IC Volume I data book by Samsung. That beauty is crammed to the gills with audio, video, and remote-control toy radio chips. All sanely priced, and all with detailed application examples. As a random example, let's drop in on page 178 where we see a sin- gle-chip 5-band graphic equalizer. Full details appear in Fig. 3. While it is a five-band equalizer, you can easily use a pair of chips for a ten-bander, again per their data book. Only a volume control and a pair of capacitors are needed per band. Other goodies in the book in- clude audio-power amplifiers and preamps, the complete toy R/C ve- hicle remote drivers, infra-red en- coders and pre-amps and bunches more. FIGARO TGS-822 t24 VDC ~[ +5 VDC o- _0 OUTPUT VOLTAGE 3.9 K FIG. 5— A DWI BREATH-ALCOHOL TESTER that uses the Figaro TGS-822. The presence of 500 parts per million of grain alcohol lowers the cell resistance by a factor of 10, raising the output voltage. Fume and vapor detectors There's lots of reasons why you might like to detect any organic or chemical vapors in the air. In home uses, we have gas-leak detection, fuel vapors, carbon monoxide, "stuffy" air ventilation controls, auto microwave oven "the roast is done" sensing, DWI breath-alco- hol testers, the combustion monitoring, odor detection, and oxygen sensing. Similarly, industrial sensors are sometimes required for ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, organic vapors, for freon, and other organic va- pors. The people at Figaro Engineer- ing have dozens of low-cost and easy-to-use sensors, optimized for various substances. Figure 4 sum- marizes many of their key models. Quantity costs are in the $5 range. In general, each sensor consists of a sintered block of tin oxide, with variations that will optimize for any particular sensed vapor. An internal heater is used to raise the surface temperature to the 200- to 400-degree Centigrade range. Through surface absorption, the resistance of the tin oxide will drop in the presence of an organic vapor. The amount that the resis- tance drops depends on the vapor and its concentration. For instance, Fig. 5 shows you how the TGS822 gets used as a breath-alcohol detector. You apply a 5-volt AC or DC heater voltage at a current of 120 milliamperes or so. You apply a main supply voltage of 24 volts AC or DC, and sense an output voltage across a 3.9K load resistor. In the presence of 300 parts per million alcohol, the sensor resis- tance will drop by 10:1. At 3000 parts per million alcohol, the sen- sor resistance will drop by 50:1. Thus, both the presence and the strength of the organic vapor can be measured. The response time is typically a few seconds. These sensors are relatively broad-spectrum devices. They may well respond more strongly to certain other vapors than the one you are really looking for. Thus, they will work best in those situa- tions where one and only one vapor or contaminant is expected. Ads for similar sensors appear in Pollution Equipment News. Let me know if you want more details on sensors of that type. Alternate-energy resources Bowse retta and I were recently day hiking over at Antelope Springs, a long-abandoned hippie commune. Besides the obligatory rusting VW microbus shells, the ruins of dozens of alternate-ener- gy experiments seemed strewn about. There were octagon earth- sheltered houses, a sauna and hot- tub combo lovingly crafted from the native stone, the broken Savonious windmill rotors, count- less cracked batteries, and various solar stills. At least one of those stills must have been a monumental disaster, since the evaporator and the con- t> denser were both designed to op- F erate at the same temperature and £ continued on page 72 o 63 Audio Update Is sound quality a matter of taste* / i LARRY KLEIN, AUDIO EDITOR o 2 O £C h- O 111 _l LU 6 a < en 64 IN MY LAST COLUMN I DISCUSSED some of the strange beliefs that in the past linked sound preferences to the nationality of the listeners. Philosophically, such a position is part of a larger view that holds that any preference for a particular sound balance is simply a matter of taste. Some home listeners like a "rich, mellow sound" with lots of upper-bass emphasis, others pre- fer a "clear, distinct sound" with the balance tilted toward the up- per frequencies, and still others prefer a sound with lots of "pres- ence" — meaning upper-midrange emphasis. And, of course, there are those strange individuals (such as myself) who tend to prefer the sound of systems that during ob- jective tests show a wide and flat frequency response. You may have noticed that all my comments have related sound quality to frequency response. I don't mean to imply that frequen- cy response is the only factor that determines a component's sound quality, but when an amplifier or speaker is not being over-driven (or suffering from some internal fault) frequency response dif- ferences are responsible for per- haps 95% of the "quality" dif- ferences heard between audio products. Don't just take my word for it. If you have a 10-band equalizer as part of your system you can dem- onstrate for yourself how easy it is to add (or subtract) such subjec- tive audio qualities as openness, air, solidity, detail, warmth, body, and so forth. Depending on the frequency bands involved, a change of only 2 or 3 dB in slider position can have an enormous effect on the "quality" of the sound you're hearing. Does everyone hear differently? It's true that no two pairs of ears respond identically. But it's also true that everyone is listening to the same objective sonic reality, and that there is a more-or-less- direct correspondence between the objective world of sound and the impression it makes on our au- ditory apparatus. For example, if you were to shred this issue's Reader Service card in an operat- ing electric fan it would create a specific sound. If you were able to make a perfect recording of that sound and play it back through a perfect sound system, everyone would agree that the original and recorded sounds were identical. That agreement should hold de- spite possible differences in sonic taste — or in the acuity of their ears. In other words, whatever aberra- tions exist in a person's hearing, within his limitation he should be able to tell when the sonic proper- ties of two audio systems are alike. And ultimately — by definition — reproduced sound should be ref- erenced to some original. So why do many speaker sys- tems in the same general price range sound different from each other? (Incidentally, the situation has vastly improved during the 35 years or so that I've been evaluat- ing speakers. The differences in tonal quality heard among today's best speaker systems are quite small; similar in nature and ampli- tude to what you might hear in different seats in a good concert hall.) As I discussed last month, for many years most of the major Japa- nese designers appeared con- vinced that speakers should be designed to taste. I thought a breakthrough had occurred in the early 1970'a when I was invited to Japan to see, among other things, a new computer-assisted speaker- evaluation setup. Computerized Evaluation Visualize, if you will, a large, acoustically neutral listening room. On a slightly raised dais at the front is a stage with several speaker systems positioned on the periphery of a large, electrically driven "lazy Susan." One speaker is always at stage-center position. A push of a button rotates the as- sembly until the next speaker in line is centered. On the arm rest of each of forty audience chairs is a small box with a pilot light and seven pushbuttons labeled, re- spectively, -3,-2,-1,0, + 1, +2, and + 3. During the evaluations, an acoustically transparent curtain conceals the speakers, and the speaker-positioning button is pressed to bring one of the now- hidden speakers into playing posi- tion. After a few moments of light- classical program material, the button is pressed again, a different speaker moves into playing posi- tion, and the program material is repeated. The pilot light on our individual response boxes then lights up, and the audience is in- structed to push one of the num- bered buttons to indicate the degree of our preference between the first and the second speakers. Pushing the zero indicates no pref- erence, pushing a plus number in- dicates how much more you like the second speaker than the first, and pushing a minus number would show how much less you like it. I must confess that I didn't care for the sound produced by any of the speakers, so I was hard pressed in each case to pick the lesser of the two evils. Where did the computer come in? It simpiy tabulated the results. The push- button data from the audience re- sponse boxes was fed to the computer, which provided an in- stantaneous readout on how many listeners preferred which speak- ers, to what degree, and — in the full-scale tests — with what kind of music. (Incidentally, my hosts also believed that different speaker sound qualities were desirable de- pending upon whether one pre- ferred classical, pop, or rock music.) I asked who normally filled the chairs during an evaluation ses- sion, and it was carefully explained to me that since the goal was to design speaker systems that would appeal to a large cross-section of the public, the audience was care- fully chosen to be representative of that cross-section . Women from the assembly line, maintenance men, clerical workers, and so forth all had their chance to push buttons. During repeated tests the designs were modified until the sound quality satisfied most of the listeners. I found it paradoxical that this vox populi approach to speaker design was backed up by a LARRY KLEIN IN THE SPEAKER ROOM in the Sato Musen showroom in Akihabara, Tokyo. laboratory with more and better instrumentation than I had ever seen in any U.S. lab. The bottom line Today, it is evident that most U.S., and some Japanese, audio companies reject the notion that speaker design is a matter of taste. Many years ago I was told by the head of the Swedish Broadcasting System that when they set out to reequip all their studios with new monitors, the Yamaha NS-1000's won out over dozens of European and U.S. competitors during blind listening tests. That didn't par- ticularly surprise me, since at the time I was using a pair of the Yamaha NS-1000's at home. I had chosen them because of their compact size and clean, flat, un- coiored response. Keep in mind that any speaker that has a sonic characteristic of its own wil) add that quality to what- ever material is being reproduced. There are undoubtedly special cir- cumstances when the sonic bal- ance of a given recording might be enhanced by the frequency aber- rations of a particular speaker. But most of the time such colorations would serve only to degrade the complex process of high-fidelity reproduction. R-E Ed has yet to find tt salesman wlto knows as much as he does. Sure it looks gr^at. Now I've got to build the inside - 65 Drawing Board Let's plunge deeper into video ROBERT GROSSBLATT, CIRCUITS EDITOR FIG. 1 THE MORE YOU START MESSING around with video, the more jokes you hear about the NTSC stan- dard. ..Never Twice the Same Color, and so on ad nauseum. Now, I'm the first to admit that it's far from being ideal, but let's also remember that the National Televi- sion Systems Committee designed the color standard more than thir- ty years ago and, when they did it, they had to make sure it was com- patible with the black-and-white standard that came before it. If you're old enough to re- member the introduction of color TV, you might also remember some of the schemes that were proposed. If you do, you should also realize that the guys who came up with NTSC did a pretty good job. One alternative I re- member had something to do with a wheel of colored gels that re- volved in front of the camera. It was a mechanical nightmare and, fortunately, I've forgotten the rest g of it. If any of you know more = about that, or any of the other ear- § ly color proposals, drop me a note o and I'll pass them on to everyone, j In any event, however crazy the ^ NTSC system seems, it's a lot bet- 5 ter than any of the others that were fr proposed at the time, and no mat- ter what else you have to say about it, it works. The hallmark of the NTSC stan- dard is that all of the individual signals that make up the complete waveform can be derived from one master clock — everything is lock- ed to everything else. Before we get to the arithmetic, however, let's review some video basics and define some terms. Fields, frames, and interlace The NTSC standard picture we all watch and love is produced by having the electron beam paint a series of successive lines of video on the face of the TV tube. The electron beam in the tube has to make two passes in order to paint a complete picture, called a "frame," on the screen. The first pass puts out the odd-numbered lines of video and the second pass puts out the even ones. Each of those half images is called a "field." The reason for the system, called "interlace," is to reduce the amount of flicker on the screen. If all the lines were sequentially painted, the top would begin to fade before the screen was com- pletely "painted." The vertical scan rate is the amount of time it takes the beam to paint each field (half a frame) of video. In the black-and-white days, the vertical rate was set to match the 60-Hz power-line fre- quency to minimize interference on the screen. Since each field took Vtoth of a second, a full frame took twice that — or T^oth of a sec- ond. Knowing that, and remem- bering that each frame of video is made up of 525 horizontal lines, we can begin to understand where the TV-signal frequencies come from. Since it takes Ysoth of a second to paint 525 lines, the horizontal scanning frequency is 525 + x30Hz =15.75 kHz and each line is painted in 1/15.75 kHz = 63.5 + mu sec. Those numbers were slightly modified when the NTSC -o&.S/S MWjl -oZ.38£A/tf* -o¥J73/W*- ZCI aza¥ /¥. 3/6/a HHOh' 5-/O.TL CO o 67 can certainly operate at 5 volts, but the lower the supply voltage, the lower the maximum frequency the parts can handle. You can solve that by using 74HC or 74HCT parts but, in this case, it really doesn't matter very much. Just remember that the circuit in Fig. 3 is only one of the numerous ways to get the job done. The frequency available at the output of the first 7474 is half the crystal frequency, or 7.159 MHz. We have to divide that by 455 to get horizontal sync and, at first glance, 455 is a screwy number to deal with — it's much nicer when numbers are readily divisible rather than apparently prime. Well, 455 can be factored into 13 x 5 x 7, so the first thing we'll do is divide the frequency by 7 using what should be an old TTL friend, a 7490 counter. That will produce a frequency of 1.022 MHz, and that is low enough to be handled by reg- ular CMOS parts operating at 5 volts. So we can still use ordinary CMOS parts. All we need to get horizontal sync is a way to divide the resulting Be an FCC LICENSED ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN! No costly School. No commuting to class. The Original Home-Study course pre- pares you for the "FCC Commercial Radio- telephone License". This valuable license is your "ticket" to thousands of exciting jobs in Communications, Radio-TV. Micro- wave, Computers, Radar, Avionics and more! You don't need a college degree to qualify, but you do need an FCC License. No Need to Quit Your Job or Go To School (/, This proven course is easy, fast and low Q cost! GUARANTEED PASS"— You get your ^ FCC License or money refunded. Send for J FREE fact_sjiow.__MAILCOUPON_TODAY! T comnwnD VRODucfions" " I FCC LICENSE TRAINING, Dept. 90 ■ P.O. Box 2824, San Francisco, CA 94126 ■ Please rush FREE details immediately! ■X \- o LU I HI 6 Q "£ ■ NAME "" ■ ADDRESS '■ CITV STATS _.ZIP frequency by 13 x 5, or 65. Now, seeing the number 65 should set off an alarm in your head, because it's very close to 64, which is one of the magic numbers of the digital world. And, that being the case, we can handle the rest of the divi- sion with a 4040 CMOS binary rip- ple counter, and a simple two- legged gate. When the count reaches 65 in the 4040, only two pins will be high; the Q0 and the Q6 outputs. The and gate will de- code the two 4040 outputs and go high at exactly the rate we've been looking for; 15,734.26 Hz. The horizontal sync trigger at the out- put of the and gate is positive-go- ing so therefore we can also use it to reset the 4040 CMOS binary rip- ple counter. We haven't talked much about vertical sync other than to say that it's close to the 60-Hz power-line frequency. Well, as they say, "close" only has meaning with horseshoes and hand grenades. If the vertical rate had been exactly 60 Hz as it was in the pre-color days, it would have been a snap to generate. Just feed a 5369AA with the burst frequency and you'll get 60 Hz out at the other end. As we saw earlier in the column, how- ever, things aren't that simple since vertical sync has to be de- rived from the signals we've gener- ated so far and the number of lines on the screen. The NTSC standard calls for a 525-line image, but don't forget that each image is made of two interlaced fields. That means that we are going to need a vertical- sync signal after each field of vid- eo — or after every 262.5 lines of video. That's the relationship shown in Fig. 1, and that's also the design job that we have laid out in front of us. We don't have any handy fre- quency available to avoid multi- plication this time, so we'll have come up with a way to do it elec- tronically, and that's exactly what we're doing with the nand gate in Fig. 3. The first two gates, A and B, are set up as simple edge detec- tors. Gate A responds to the nega- tive-going edge and gate B to the positive-going edge. If you work out the truth table on a sheet of paper, you'll see that the frequen- cy at the output of Gate D is twice the input frequency at Gates A and B. We're feeding the nand gates with horizontal sync so that we'll wind up with 31,468.52 Hz at the output. The next (and last) part of the circuit has to divide the fre- quency by 525, which, as you should know, is the number of lines in a frame. Since we're work- ing with twice the horizontal sync rate, we'll really be generating ver- tical sync every 262.5 lines — or after each field. It's possible to factor 525 as 5 x 5 x 7 x 3 and do the division with simple counters but, just as we saw with producing horizontal sync, you have to keep your mind open when you're trying to figure an easy way to do division by a larger than usual number. In this case, 525 is pretty close to the mag- ic number of 512, so we can use the same ordinary CMOS part that we used earlier in our design — the 4040. When the number you're trying to divide by is close to one of the powers of 2, a long binary divider becomes a good choice. In our case for example, we're only thir- teen away from 512, and that means we only have to decode four of the 4040 outputs (525 deci- mal is 100001101 in binary). The job becomes even simpler since we still have three spare and gates in the circuit. As with horizontal sync, the vertical-sync trigger is positive-going, so we're also using it to reset the 4040 binary ripple counter IC. When you put the circuit to- gether and power it up, you should see colorfaurst (3.579545 MHz), a horizontal-sync trigger at 15,734.26 Hz, and a vertical-sync trigger at 59.94 Hz. Keep in mind that the last two aren't the final signals. They're only the frequen- cies we need to trigger the one shots that will output pulses of the proper width to work as horizontal and vertical sync for the video that we'll be generating very shortly. When we get together next time, we'll design the one-shots and put together a circuit that will actually produce video images. We won't be seeing an image of the Mona Lisa on the screen, but what we see will be recognizable. I promise. R-E ComputerDiges7 Computer security may seem like a problem only for large corporations or the government. However, small businesses and home computers often contain sensitive information that should be protected. For exam- ple, if you have a small business, your payroll records may not seem to be the most sensitive in- formation in the world, but a competitor would certainly love to see them! And you wouldn't want your babysitter to boot your PC and get into your checking- account data! There are many approaches to PC security, but the one offered here is a combined hardware/ software solution. PC Access pro- vides one master password, which enables access to the pass- word list and to other functions, and fifteen user passwords. An EPROM on a small expansion card contains a BIOS extension that hooks PC Access into your PC's boot procedure. The circuit is simple and inexpensive to build; a kit is available for less than $35. PC Access provides several ex- tras, including a hold function that allows the user to suspend computer access by pressing a hotkey. The computer then idles until the correct password is en- tered. The hotkey combination can be configured for com- patibility with various memory- resident programs. In addition, you can maintain an audit trail of who logs onto the system, The audit file is encoded, hence meaningless when viewed with a DOS TYPE command. A program provided with the kit decodes the file into ASCII format. How it works PC Access works by altering DOS's normal boot procedure in several ways. First, PC Access forces the system to boot from the hard drive by disabling ac- cess to floppy drive A during the boot process. Thus, you can't dis- able PC Access simply by booting from a floppy. In addition, a software driver must be loaded via CONFIG.SYS and processed by DOS in the usual manner, otherwise the sys- tem will not boot. That means that you can't boot the PC by de- continued on page 73 Personal Computers and the Future I tend to spend most of my time here poking around under the hood. For a change, let's take a step back and look at things from a wider perspective. The occa- sion? The beginning of a new year and of a new decade. For me it's just past the first of the year, and though you won't read this for a good three months, I hope you'll find it interesting. It's hard to believe sometimes how much this industry has grown the past decade. In the murky beginnings ten or twelve years ago, hobbyists and tech- nically oriented people were the only ones who used personal computers. Now estimates range as high as 40 million PC users in this country alone, and ob- viously, the vast majority of them don't know a bit from a byte. That makes us members of a pretty elite group. Personal computers have caught on faster than just about any other modern invention, and they have altered the way we work (and play) so drastically that, short of catastrophe, its incon- ceivable that we might ever re- turn to the way things used to be done. However, industry growth is slowing, partially because of mar- ket saturation, and partially be- cause those 40 million people are J having trouble adjusting to F what's happened so far. Many in- S dustry analysts believe that the ° 69 tfl g z 5 c H O W O Q < fastest growth during the next few years is not going to be in new systems or new technologies, but in putting what we've already got to better use. In short, service and support industries are the growing segments of the comput- er business. To be sure, top-notch program- mers and engineers will stili be needed in droves. But the strata beneath those very top levels have to be filled out as well. So if you're trying to plan out your ca- reer, think about activities like the following: • System Integration : With the proliferation of various hardware and software "standards," people who understand the PC architec- ture and know how to resolve conflicts between competing hardware adapters have been and will continue to be valuable. • Network Support: Some ana- lysts believe that if the 1980s was the decade in which personal computers brought quality and quantity increases to individual users, the 1990s will be the de- cade in which those users are linked together. From the sup- port point of view, networks rep- resent an area with much growth potential, both for installation and for maintenance. I've never seen a network with a level of re- liability approaching even Kooth that of the PCs on which it is based. From the development point of view, networks offer vir- tually unlimited growth oppor- tunities. At this point in time many companies are connecting their PC's together physically. But a lot of work still needs to be done to give some intelligence to the way they interact. • Applications Support: Becom- ing an expert in a core group of applications (including just about any major word processor, spreadsheet, and database man- ger) will just about guarantee you gainful employment as well as a growth path in any decent com- pany. People like to blame soft- ware for being hard to use: I believe that in many categories, the software is sufficiently easy to use (or close to it): it's the users who need to be better educated. Modern software has powerful new ways of doing things; along with that power comes the re- sponsibility for learning how to use it. Until the time when chil- dren start studying word pro- cessing and the like on a wide scale at the grade school level, ap- plications support personnel will continue to be necessary. • Hardware Service: This is a negative category; jobs here will shrink. Component-level servic- ing has always been difficult and time consuming: as the semicon- ductor industry achieves greater and greater component density, and as labor costs continue to skyrocket, upper-level manage- ment will dictate that labor-in- tensive procedures be elimi- nated. This is not a new trend, but one that will certainly con- tinue. If you want hands-on con- tact at the component level, fig- ure on working in an engineering lab, either as an engineer or as a research technician. You'll need almost as much education to be the latter as the former: you'll just get paid less. So stay in school as long as you can. • Education: There is now and will continue to be a crying need for technically competent people to join the ranks of educators. Society as a whole, however, needs to rethink the process of education, take it out of the re- alm of rote memorization, and bring it into the realm of interac- tive, self-paced, wide-area-net- workable interaction that focuses on mastering processes, not just memorizing facts. Both what we teach and how we teach it are two of society's biggest questions. Education and enter- tainment must merge to a great extent. • Entertainment: The rise of the video industry (VCR, cable TV, satellite TV, MTV), various tech- nical advancements in the PC in- dustry (the compact disk, high- resolution video, interactive ad- venture games, graphical operat- ing environments), and the emerging multimedia industry all lead one to realize thai people want control over their entertain- ment, as well as lots of variety. The television networks will nev- er again enjoy the power they once had. Emerging technologies will allow people to buy off-the- shelf packages combining the forms of entertainment they like. Kind of like buying videotapes, but these new forms will have full motion video, still graphics, high-fidelity sound, and will be fully interactive. The tech- nologies to do this are just now becoming available: there are no standards about how to fit it all together. All the largest computer companies (IBM, Apple, HR and more) are investing heavily in this area; getting in on the ground floor here is guaranteed to be challenging and exciting. If you thought the 80s were ex- citing, just wait. The 90s are go- ing to be even better. |CD# MathEdit Word processing has im- proved enormously the past decade; it's still the most popular PC application. Users have bene- fited greatly from the feature wars brought on by vendors compet- ing for the huge word processing market. However, support for ed- iting mathematical equations is lacking from all major word pro- cessors. In fact, the only package I know of that does have an equa- tion editor is Lotus Manuscript, which although powerful, is geared toward producing long technical documents, and is un- suited for simpler tasks. K-Talk Communications has a solution: MathEdit. It is a text- mode program that lets you create equations interactively, and then export them in resolu- tion-independent PostScript for- mat, HP PCL (LaserJet), or one of several bit-mapped formats (PIX, TIFF). You can then import the file thus created into a word pro- cessor or desktop publishing program just like any other graphic. PageMaker and Ventura 70 R-E Computer Admart GETTING THE MOST FROM YOUR PRINTER Getting The Most From Your Printer BP1S1 — It is probable that 80% of dot-ma- trix printer users only ever use 20% of the features offered by their printers. This book will help you unlock the special features and capabilities that you probably don't even know exist. To order your copy send $6.95 plus $1.50 for shipping in the U.S. to Elec- tronic Technology Today Inc., P.O. Box 240, Massapequa Park, NY 11762-0240. Rates: Ads are TU" x 2W. One insertion S950. Six insertions $925.eacn Twelve insertions S895. each. Closing date same as regular rate card. Send order with remittance to Computer Admart, Radio Electronics Magazine. 500-6 Si-County Blvd., Farmingdale, NY 11735. Direct telephone inquiries to Arline Fisnman. area code-51 6-293-3000. Only 100% Computer ads are accepted for this Admart. ' SECRETS OF THE COMMODORE 64 BP135 — A beginners guide to the Commodore 64 pre- sents masses of useful data and programming tips, as well as describing how to get the best from the powerful sound and graph- ics facilities. We look at how the memory is organized, random numbers and ways of generating them, graphics-color-and sim- ple animation, and even a chapter on ma- chine code. Get your copy today. Send $5.00 plus $1.25 for shipping in the U.S. to Electronic Techology Today Inc., P.O. Box 240, Massapequa Park, NY 11762-0240. I PROMPT DELIVERY!!! § c SAME DAY SHIPPING (USUALLY) rO QoAWTm' Qt*E pn .Tn.-JI.M.!!W!gff SIMM SIMM »i SIMM > SIMM' m 1 Mbit 41256 41256 41256 41256 4464 41264 m " OfcF PACES SH*7*H 1 , JWl 1\. 1 DYNAMIC RAM AST PramJBS 33MHz S240.00 1 II 256KX3G SO ns 240.00 1 80 ns 1O0.OOl 100 ns 35.00 1 80 ns 9.75 1 60 ns 4.50 1 80 ns 2.95 I 100 ns 2.251 120 ns 2.05 1 1 20 ns 2.95 I 1 00 ns 7.S0 1 IMag 2S6KX9 1Mi1 256KXI 256Kx1 2SSK*i 25BKx1 84Kwt etxxt EPROM (27C1000 i2eKxe 200 ns 1 2751 2 64Kx8 200 ns 27256 32KkB 150 ns 127128 ibkxB 250 ns STATIC RAM [62256P-10 32K*b 100 ns I6264P-12 bk*b 120 ns I6116AP-12 ?Kxb 120 ns SI 8.00 I 7.30 I 6.50 I 3.75 S10.40 4.50 4.25J □ PEN 6 DAYS, 7 M ui-10 m< SHIP VIA FED-EX ON SAT cNCLUDED ON FED-EX OROEHS RECEIVED BY: It**? HJS41 ff. »1 HAS I * MlfiHrtPrtrj^SSOHS L-'MLir/ITED INC ESS" J 1 ?!" (918)267-4961 CIRCLE 61 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD of course can handle that type of file; in addition, modern versions of Word, WordPerfect, and Word- Star all have the ability to import such files and display them in a bit-mapped preview mode. MathEdit comes on four 360K diskettes. You install the pro- gram simply by creating a direc- tory on your hard disk and copying all files to it; you'll need about 1.5MB of space. Then you run the program, which takes you to a setup utility in which you specify the output file type and the program into which you'll be importing equations. (Currently, WordPerfect 5.0, Word 5.0, WordStar 5.5, TEX, and Manuscript are supported.) The version of the program that I examined (1.22B) had a lot of confusing information about set- ting the program up to work with HP LaserJet soft fonts, but if you choose either PostScript or a bit- mapped output format, you can ignore all that. (Also, the compa- ny will be dropping support for PCL output in version 2.O. due out about the time you read this.] As shown in Fig. 1, MathEdit s screen is divided into three win- dows. System messages are dis- played in the bottom window: the cursor and what you type ap- pears in the top window. In the middle window you see a very rough approximation of what atx f (x, t+nt) [ e cos at xdt [ nx+2xt j — te *| e -2xdy atx J J a - e f tx, t-0t) 11 Xftt FIG. 1 your equation looks like, or if you press F2 (Help), a list of what the function keys do. Entering an equation into MathEdit is like typing a formula into a pocket calculator that uses algebraic (not RPN) notation. You type numbers and simple func- tions ( -I- , - , =, etc.) in directly; you must go through several function-key menus to enter more complicated functions (in- tegrals, summations, roots, frac- tions, matrix notation, trig and log functions, vectors, "not" bars, braces, brackets, vertical bars, etc.). You can move around the edit- ing window using the cursor keys. Home, and End; delete characters with Del and Back- space; and delete to end of line with Ctrl -End. As you type, the middle window provides a rough approximation of your equation. MathEdit also contains a graphic preview mode that provides a more accurate representation of > to o 71 HARDWARE HACKER continued from page 63 CO d z O C i- o LU -I LU 6 5 s pressure. Oh well. I guess an awful lot of dreams died here. ..some- where along the way. On the other hand, the solar- pump factory down the street is bursting at the seams with new ac- tivity. It seems a dose of reality has at long last caught up with alter- nate energy. The old order fadeth. So, where does that leave us? What are the key hardware- hacker alternate-energy resources for the nineties? This month's resource sidebar gives us a clue or two. The very core of today's alternate energy appears to be a funky little magazine known as Home Power. Besides its no-nonsense shirt- sleeves tech articles, that gem is full of ads from all of the leaders in the field. Cost is around $6 per year. Still at the same old stall is the good old Whole Earth Review, the ongoing continuation of the origi- nal Whole Earth Catalog and its progeny. Of the 497 magazines I personally subscribe to, that one is number two, right up there be- hind MAD. Nothing else even comes remotely close. Today the WER folks are heavy into CD ROM distribution and their major alter- nate-lifestyle BBS system widely known as The Well. While both Mother Earth News and Popular Science have lots of useful alternate-energy stuff in them, there is a key difference, PS will admit that they have contacted a terminally incurable case of Yuppus dementus, while MEN does not. I've found that HVAC News, a free air-conditioning trade jour- nal, also has a surprising amount of the alternate-energy stuff in it. Although most of the other solar and wind magazines have folded, Solar Energy remains as one useful, but highly technical re- source. The feds have bunches of alter- nate-energy info available, spread over a dozen agencies. The De- partment of Energy often sponsors seminars and technical-paper pre- sentations. So does the National Bureau of Standards. Try any large continued on page 76 Aj, — /il,lii!) "\ ' total ( ^ At ! a - e'" f{x. -A() *-"* 2n-l FIG. 2 the equation. I found that the graphic preview mode didn't al- ways work correctly; the compa- ny stated that the bugs won't be fixed in the current version, be- cause 2.0 will operate entirely in a WYSIWYG (what you see is what you get) graphics mode. After you've got your equation the way you want it, you save it. The program actually saves two versions of the file: one, which contains the master data, has the extension EQU; the other, which contains the desired output for- mat, has the appropriate exten- sion (PIX, TIF, EPS, etc.). If you're set up for PIX output and decide at a later time that you need PostScript (EPS) files— no prob- lem. Just run the setup routine and select the new output for- mat. Then reload and resave the desired equation. At that point you can fire up your word processor and follow its normal procedure for import- ing a graphic file. I tested MathE- dit with WordStar 5.5, which actually uses Inset for graphics display and printing, and had no problem. If you wanted to get really fancy, you could use Inset to touch up the PIX file created by MathEdit. However, as shown in Fig. 2 (an actual size, unre- touched equation printed by WordStar and Inset on an HP LaserJet Series II), you probably won't need to. To really polish the appearance of your equation, you can enter thin and wide spaces. You can also align a group of equations on a character {the equal sign, for example), and you can number equations. In addition, a number of special characters and sym- bols are mapped to various Alt- and Ctrl-key combinations. For example, most common Greek characters are mapped to Alt- A— Alt-Z, and many common mathematical symbols are map- ped to Ctrl-A-Ctrl-Z. Because of display limitations, you'll need an EGA, VGA, or Hercules Graph- ics Card Plus (with RAMfont) to view the symbols in the text- mode screen. You can re-map the special characters to different key combinations, but you can't define your own special symbols. However, version 2.0 is supposed to correct that deficiency. All in all, MathEdit is darned handy for anyone in school or anyone who has to publish docu- ments with equations. The cur- rent version is good; I expect version 2,0 to be great!*CD| ITEMS DISCUSSED • MathEdit (S 199. 95). K-Talk Communications, 30 West First Avenue, Suite 100, Columbus OH 43201. (614) 294-3535. CIRCLE 30 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD Try the Electronics bulletin board system (RE-BBS) 516-293-2283 The more you use it the more useful it becomes. We support 300 and 1200 baud operation. Parameters: 8N1 (8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit) or 7E1 (7 data bits, even parity, 1 stop bit). Add yourself to our user tiles to increase your access. Communicate with other R-E readers. Leave your comments on R-E with the SYSOP. RE-BBS 516-293-2283 72 PC ACCESS contimiedjrom page 69 ieting the software driver or by changing the contents of CON- FIG.SYS. Thus it is impossible to gain access to a secured PC with- out removing the PC Access card. Further. PC Access locks out the use of the Ctrl and Alt keys on the PC keyboard, so pressing Ctrl-C or Ctrl-BREAK will not halt the boot process. Additionally, some computers have monitor or setup functions that can be accessed before DOS has booted. Those setup routines are typically entered by pressing some combination of Ctrl, Alt and some other key. Locking out Ctrl and Alt provides a means to prevent unauthorized access to those functions during boot. At boot time, PC Access's device driver (SECURITY. BIN) prompts the user for a password and op- tionally for a user ID as well. The passwords and user ID's are stored in an encoded form inside the device driver. If no valid pass- word is entered in three at- tempts, access to the computer is denied until it is rebooted. A new password prompt appears each time the computer is rebooted. After a valid password has been entered, the device driver re- stores access to drive A, re-en- ables use of the Ctrl and Alt keys, and returns control to DOS so that it can execute the remaining CONFIG.SYS commands and give user access to the PC. DOS's boot sequence When an IBM (or compatible) PC executes its power-up rou- tines, one chore is to search for BIOS extensions. The extensions are located in memory segments COOOh through EFFFh. The BIOS searches that area in 2K steps, looking for the two-byte se- quence, 55h AAh. If the BIOS finds that "signature," it then as- sumes that the next byte con- tains the length (in 512-byte chunks) of the routines con- tained in the ROM. Next the BIOS computes a checksum on the area described, The checksum must be zero for the extension to be recognized. Once the exten- sion is recognized, the computer executes a far call to the fourth location in the ROM. That call is provided so that the ROM can perform any required initializa- tion. The initialization routine should exit with a far return. The BIOS then continues searching for other extensions. Once all of the legal addresses have been searched, DOS is booted. Part of DOS's boot procedure is to load the CONFIG.SYS file that is stored in the root directory, and perform any setup and config- uration functions specified in the file. One advantage of using a device driver to request user passwords is that the passwords and user IP's can be stored inside the device driver rather than in the EPROM. Circuit cost and complexity would increase if that information were stored in EEPROM. The software included in the PC Access EPROM sets up a new interrupt handler for floppy- and hard-disk access. The new rou- tine allows DOS to boot from the hard drive, but not from drive A. A second interrupt is established that intercepts scan codes from the keyboard and disables the Ctrl and Alt keys. Circuit details The PC Access EPROM is map- ped into an 8K slot in the PC's address space somewhere be- tween COOOH and EFFFH. As shown in Fig. I , decoding the de- sired address is accomplished with a 74LS30 eight-input NAND gate (IC1) and a 74LS04 inverter (IC2). When all eight NAND-gate inputs are high, then the output will be low; otherwise, the output will be high. Alow output enables the EPROM 's chip select (cs) In- put (pin 20). The address that is actually de- > TJ Fig. I. PC ACCESS SCHEMATIC: ICl and IC2 decode the 8K block where EPROM IC3 ^ resides. The one-shot (IC4) and associated components extend the memory access JJ r- 000500 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF . . . The rest of the EPROM consists of FF's 001FF0 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF 1 75 IC1 JU3 JUS uOQOO JU2 JU4 E^ Fig. 2. PARTS AND JUMPER LOCATIONS. Mount all components as shown here. Table 1 shows how to configure the jumpers for various addresses. If all has gone well, any floppy disk in drive A will be ignored and you will be prompted for a pass- word. The default master pass- word is SECURITY. You can change the master password and the user passwords with LOCK.COM, and individual passwords with CHANGE.COM. To uninstall the security sys- tem, delete the DEVICE = SECURITY.BIN line from CON- FIG.SYS, park the hard drive, turn the computer off, and re- move the card. Software What follows are brief descrip- tions of the PC Access utility pro- grams. LOCK.COM and CHANGE.COM are provided to establish the passwords and user ID's. A user can alter his or her own password using CHANGE; the system administrator can use LOCK to change the master password, any user ID, and any user password. You can op- tionally require users to type in both the user ID and the pass- word each time the system boots. But even if you don't require the user ID to be typed in, the audit trail will log it. H0LD.COM allows a user to suspend computer access until the correct password is entered. HOTKEY establishes what key combination triggers the hold function. HOLD0FF.COM re- moves HOLD.COM from memory. The FINDROMS program helps locate a free segment in high memory. It searches for the 55AA pattern that signifies a BIOS extension, and reports on any that it finds. TRAIL.COM can be executed by AUTOEXEC.BAT to record user ID, access date, and access time. TRAIL should be one of the first programs in AUTOEXEC.BAT (after running any programs needed to update time and date from a real-time clock). The audit file (a hidden system file) can be decoded by use of AU- DIT.COM. as follows: AUDIT Filename After you hit the RETURN key, AUDIT will prompt the user for the master password. After the password is entered correctly, AUDIT will decode audit trial en- tries from the encoded file and append them to the specified file. If no file exists with the given fil- ename, a new file will be created. The audit trail will then be cleared of entries. This function works even if user ID's are not required for system access. Conclusion PC Access is inexpensive, easy to build and install, yet nonethe- less provides a significant deter- rent to unauthorized access to your hard drive. Additionally, the PC Access cir- cuit board can be used to develop other ROM extensions. Not only does the PC Access give you an inexpensive way to protect your computer, it also provides an ex- cellent flat form that allows you to learn more about how your com- puter works. »CD* HARDWARE HACKER continued from page 72 technical library that has a govern- ment documents section. One fed document I've found most useful is the Stand-Atone Photovoltaic Systems- — The Hand- book of Recommended Design Practices. It's available through Sandia National Laboratories. There are lots of distributors of alternate-energy products. One of the largest is Real Coods, who also offer a 320-page alternate-energy sourcebook for $6.50. Their com- petitors include Photocomm Inc, the Energy depot, Yellowjacket So- lar, and Snow Belt Solar. Get their catalogs. Two establishment associations that have useful resource avail- ability include the Solar Energy Research Institute and the Association of Energy Engineers. Write for their literature and ser- vice lists. The leading manufacturers of solar panels include Arco Solar, Solarex, Solec, and Solvonics. Two wind power sources include Bergey W/ndpowerand Southwest Windpower. Finally, two of the alternate-en- ergy "good guys" definitely in- clude Steve Baer of Zomeworks, who is heavy into solar trackers and energy management; plus Jim Allen of Solar jack, who specializes in higher efficiency solar pumps and controllers. New tech literature Texas Instruments has released their three volumes of Linear Cir- cuits data books. Tl also has free samples of all their new OTP (one time program- mable) EPROM's. They work likea "real" EPROM, exceptthat they are in a cheaper plastic case and can only get programmed one time. You use them for repeat copies of known-good code. From NEC, the Digital Signal Processor and Speech Processor data book. And from Silicon Sys- tems, a Microperipheral Products Data Book that covers chips used in floppy disks, hard disks, and cassette tapes. Free software this month in- continued on page 83 76 MARKET CENTER FOR SALE PHOTOFACT folders, under #1400 $4.00. Others $6.00, Postpaid LOEB, 414 Chestnut Lane, East Meadow, NY 11554. GREAT buys! Surplus prices, ICs, linears. transfor- mers, PS, stepping motors, vacuum pump pho- totransistor, meters, LSASE, FERTIK'S, 5400 Etta. Phila., PA 19120. DESCRAMBLERS, All brands. Special: Combo Jerrold 400 and SB3 $165. Complete cable de- scrambler kit $39. Complete satellite descrambler kit $45. Free catalog. MJM INDUSTRY, Box 531, Bronx, NY 10461-0531. T.V. notch filters, surveillance equipment, brochure $1.00. D.K, VIDEO, Box 63/6025, Margate. FL 330E3, (305) 752-9202. TUBES: "oldest," "latest." Parts and schematics. SASE for lists. STEINMETZ, 7519 Mapiewood Ave.. RE, Hammond. IN 46324. CABLE TV DESCRAMBLERS! BARGAIN HEADQUARTERS! • JERROLD -TOCOM - HAMUN • SCIEKT1FIC ATLANTA ■ ZENITH Oak H35B ONLY $60 S month waninty! Wa (hipC.O.D.I Lowell ret»il.'whote«*l« price t ! FREE CATALOG: Global Cable Network 1032 Irving St Suite 109 S.F.. CA Ml 22 ORDER TODAY! 800-327-8544 LASER Listener II, other projects. Surveillance, descrambling, false identification, information. Plans, kits, olfier strange stuff. Informational pack- age $3.00 refundable, DIRIJO BOND ELEC- TRONICS, Box 212, Lowell, NC £8098. ENGINEERING software. PC/ MS DOS. Hob- byists — students — engineers. Circuit de- sign $59.00, FFT analysis $69.00, Mathe- matics $49.00, Logic Simulation $49.00, Circuit Analysis $29.00. Free catalog, (614) 491-0832, BSOFT SOFTWARE, 444 Colton Rd., Columbus. OH 43207. RESTRICTED technical information: Electronic sur- veillance, schematics, locksmithing, covert sci- ences, hacking, etc. Huge selection. Free brochures. MENTOR-Z, Drawer 1549, Asbury Park, NJ 07712. MICROWAVE TV RECEIVERS 1 9 to 2.7 GHz 2 CH Compact Dish System -S77.35 5 CH Dish System - SS3.9S 12 CH Vagi (Rod) System ■ S 123.95 30 CH Dish System $163 90 ragi-S18390 SUN MICROWAVE INT'L. INC. Send ZV-" lor P. 0. BOX 34522 cab»r» nn Ihjse PHOENIX. AZ 65067 and athsr line 1602| 230-0640 video products. VISftfMC/COD QUANTITf 0ISCOUHTS UFETIME WABRAHIY L DESIGN and build your own computerized prod- uct! Mew manual makes it easy! Includes introduc- tion to design, choosing the proper CPU, comparison between many CPUs and micro- controllers, component suppliers, sample sche- malics, programming, debugging, hints, tips, and more! Simple step-Dy-step details from idea to finished product. $8.00 complete, satisfaction guaranteed, details free, TRAVCO, 107 E. Vallette. Suite 1301 A, Elmhurst, IL 60126. RENTAL movie stabilizer. Connect between VCRs or to monitor. Satisfaction guaranteed. $69.95, S4.00 handling, 1 (800) 367-7909. MEMORY chips, Simms and Sipps: 4164-100 $2.00. 41256-100 $2.55, 41464-100 $3,25. Call ED/ DATAFIX, (201) 322-7666. CLASSIFIED AD ORDER FORM To run your own classified ad, put one word on each of the lines below and send this form along with your check to: Radio-Electronics Classified Ads, 500-B Bi-County Boulevard, Farmingdale, NY 11735 PLEASE INDICATE in which category of classified advertising you wish your ad to appear. For special headings, there is a surcharge of $25.00. ) Plans/Kits ( ) Business Opportunities ( ) For Sale ) Education/Instruction ( ) Wanted ( ) Satellite Television Special Category: $25.00 PLEASE PRINT EACH WORD SEPARATELY, IN BLOCK LETTERS. (No refunds or credits for typesetting errors can be made unless you clearly print or type your copy.) Rates indicated are for standard style classified ads only. See below for additional charges for special ads. Minimum: 15 words. 1 6 11 16(349.60) 21 ($65.10) 26 ($80,60) 2 7 12 1 7 (552,70) 22 ($68.20) 27 ($83.70) 13 14 18 ($55.80) 23 ($71 .30) 19 ($58,90) 24 ($74.40) 28 ($86.80) 29 ($89.90) 5 10 15 ($46.50) 20 ($62.00) 25 ($77.50) 30 ($93.00) 31 ($96,10) 32 ($99.20) 33 ($102.30) 34 ($105.40) 35 ($108.50) We accept MasterCard and Visa for payment o( orders If you wish to use your credit card to pay for your ad fill in the following additional information (Sorry, no telephone orders can be accepted.): Card Number Expiration Date Please Print Name Signature IF YOO USE A BOX NUMBER YOU MUST INCLUDE YOUR PERMANENT ADDRESS AND PHONE NUMBER FOR OUR FILES. ADS SUBMITTED WITHOUT THIS INFORMATION WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED. CLASSIFIED COMMERCIAL RATE: (for firms or individuals offering commercial products or services) $3.10 per word prepaid (no charge for zip code).. .MINIMUM 15 WORDS. 5% discount for same ad in 6 issues: 10% discount for same ad in 12 issues within one year: if prepaid. NON-COMMERCIAL RATE: (for individuals who want to buy or sell a personal item) $2.50 per word, prepaid.... no minimum. ONLY FIRST WORD AND NAME set in bold caps at no extra charge. Additional bold face (not available as all caps) 55c per word additional. Entire ad in boldface, $3.70 per word. TINT SCREEN BEHIND ENTIRE AD: $3.85 per word. TINT SCREEN BEHIND ENTIRE AD PLUS ALL BOLD FACE AD: S4.50 per word. EXPANDED TYPE AD: $4.70 per word prepaid. Entire ad in boldface, $5.60 per word. TINT SCR EEN BEHIND ENTIRE EXPANDED TYPE AD: $5.90 per word. TINT SCREEN BEHIND ENTIRE EXPANDED TYPE AD PLUS ALL BOLD FACE AD: $6.80 per word. DISPLAY ADS: 1" X 2Vt"— $410,00; 2" X 2W— $620.00; 3" X 2V<" — $1230.00. General Information: Frequency rates and prepayment discounts are available. ALL COPY SUBJECT TO PUBLISHERS APPROVAL ADVERTISEMENTS USING P.O. BOX ADDRESS WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED UNTIL ADVERTISER SUPPLIES PUBLISHER WITH PERMANENT ADDRESS AND PHONE NUMBER, Copy to be in our hands on the 10th of the third month preceding the date of the issue, (i.e., Aug. issue copy must be received by May 10th). When normal closing date falls on Saturday, Sunday or Holiday, issue closes on preceding working day. Send for the classified brochure. Circle Number 49 on the Free Information Card, > -D 10 O 77 in o z o EC LU o Q < rr ASSEMBLE YOUR OWN COMPUTER FOR LE$$ 10 MHz 8088 Compatible Kit $379 • 4.77/10 MHz BOSS Mothwbowd • 258KB RAM (840KB max) • ISOWPnwt Supply • Floppy Dit k Controller • On* S 1 / 4 ' 360KB Driva • MonoGraphics Card w! P • 101 Kay Keyboard • Cua (3LED.2 Button, Key) • 12* Amber Mono Monitor • Installation GuW* & Marital 12 MHz 80286 Compatible Kit • 12 MHz 80288 Motherboard «| • 512KB RAM (4 MB mux) • MOW Power Supply • Floppy DW< Controller • On* 5 V4' 1.2- MB Dnw • MonoGmphle* Card w/ P • 101 Key Keyboard • C«* (3LED ^Button ,K.y) • 12* Amber Mono Monitor • Installation Guide & Manual 20 MHz 80386 Compatible Kit $1399 All Componante Fully Teeted Before Ship On* Yaar Warranty on All Peru Installation Available at No Extra Chug* III VISA a M/C add 3* Am*x add 4% Price a Quantity eueject to ehenoe without prior notice 15% Rwkxktng Fh on All Non-Defective Items JINCO COMPUTERS INC. 5122 WALNUT GROVE AVE. SAN GABRIEL, CA 91776 Tel: (818) 309-1108 Fax:(818)309-1107 CIRCLE 179 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD CB RADIO OWNERS! We specialize in a wide variety of technical i rilormatiori, parts and services lor CB radios. 10-Meter and FM conversion kils, repair books, plans, nigh-performance accessories. Thousands of salislied cuslomer since 1976! Catalog S2. CBC INTERNATIONAL P.O. BOX 31500RE, PHOENIX, AZ 85046 CABLE TV, best SSAVIs. Tocom's and filters in the business. We build all our own equipment, no mid- dleman. Upgrade your SSAVI to a super SSAVI with our PAL kit. Quantity and dealer pricing. We ship COD — call to get on our mailing list. 1 (800) 426-9063. COM ELECTRONICS. COMMUNICATIONS/eleetronlc equipment sales, service, FCC licensed, free catalog, RAYS, PO Box 14662, Fort Worth, TX 76117-0862. CABLE TV converters and deseramolers discount center! Jen-old, Tocom. Hamlin. Oak, Scientific Atlanta, Zenith. Quantify discount, order yours today! 1 (800) 962-6836. FREE CATALOG FAMOUS "FIHESTIK" BRAND CB ANTENNAS AND ACCESSORIES. QUALITY PRODUCTS FOR THE SERIOUS CB'er. SINCE 196Z FIRESTIK ANTENNA COMPANY 2614 EAST ADAMS PHOENIX, ARIZONA 85034 SAM'S photofacts set 1091 — 2660 minimum price $1500. HENNEPIN TECHNICAL COLLEGE, 9000 Brooklyn Blvd., Brooklyn Park, MN 55445. (612} 425-3800. Ade Olson. CABLE TV TB-3 (Tri-Bi) or SA-3 Quantity Prices 10 20 $48. $43 Each 50 Each 100 9v9i $35 Each Each Hours open 10:00 am to 4:00 pm Eastern time Minimum order 5 units 55.00 ea. Dealers wanted. We ship COD. King Wholesale 1-800-729-0036 Fax number 6173400053 'Wo one beats the King's prices!" DESCRAMBLERS One tree can make 3,000(000 matches. I One match can burn 3.00QOOO trees. ■'# CABLE TV converters: Jerrold. Oak. Scientific At- lantic, Zenith & many others. "New MTS" stereo add-on: mute & volume. Ideal for 400 and 450 owners! 1 (300) 626-7623, Amex, Visa, M/C accept- ed. B & B INC., 4030 Beau-D-Rue Drive, Eagan, MN 55122. DESCRAMBLERS, top brands, lowest prices, fast service, best warranty, technical support. COD ok, example, Tocom with remote $199.00, R.T.C.-56 with remote $150.00, call now, we have SA-3, Tri-Bi, Hamlin, Pioneer in stock. MOUNT HOOD ELEC- TFIONICS, (206) 896-6837. TUBES, new, up to 90% oft, SASE, KIRBY, 298 West Carmel Drive, Carmel, IN 46032. CABLE TV converters and de-scramblers. We sell only the best. Low prices. SB-3 $79.00. We ship C.0.D, Free catalog. ACE PRODUCTS, PO Sox 582, Dept. E. Saco, ME 04072. 1 (800) 234-0726. SAMS closeout sale. #2 to #2600 $6.00 each postpaid. MC/vlsa. Call 1 (800) 274-2081, 9-5 CST. General Technics Quality Computer Systems (516) 981-9473 Save hundreds of dollars assembling your _ awn IBM XT, AT, or 3S£ compatible computer Complete AT Computer System $675 kutnf Monitor, 51 .k lumw), 101 Enhanced Ktybwrd, i-hn Fl'oppc Qrfiri U mh( MI Jfi j.g|h*r Board, Ward/Flna^ Cm Ml it Cord, iBirnrcHcfi hiatal FREE CATALOG P.O. Box 2676, Lofco Ronkonkoma. NY 11779 CABLE converters, descramblers, Tocom-w/r $199.00, Oak R.T.C.-56-wrr $150.00, Jerrold-400- w/r $125.00, Hamlin-6600-w/r $145.00, Zertith-w/r $225.00. SA-3 $99.00, Tri-Bi $89,00, Pioneer 5135.00, MLD-1200 $45.00, all in stock with full warranty, COD orders welcome, nobody can beat our quantity prices, full tech support. S.A.C., info (702) 647-3799 orders 1 (800) 622-3799. FINALLY a digital technology course for everyone! Technicians, supervisors and managers! Free de- tails. TEKNOWLEDGY SOURCES, RE004, Box 1284, League City, TX 77573. TJ SERVICES is here to serve you! Our quality products, quick courteous service, knowledgeable sales people and rock bottom prices prove it! Not sure what you need? Call (31 3 J 979-8356 we'll help! We specialise in Jerrold, Hamlin, interferance fil- ters and most SA equipment, CABLE TV descramblers M35B. Top quality. Test- ed, guaranteed, vari-sync available. Dealers want- ed. $39.00. 1 (800) 648-4600. ELECTRONIC test equipment and parts. Free illus- trated catalog. EF ELECTRONICS, PO Box 326, Aurora, IL 60507. DESCRAMBLERS. — For free catalog contact CA- BLE CONNECTION, 1304 E. Chicago Street, Suite 301 , Algonquin, IL 60102. (708) 65B-2365. FEB RUARY 1984 complete parts with power supply, S38.00. Postpaid. JIM RHODES, INC., BQX3421, Bristol, TN 37625. PROGRAMMABLE stepper motor drive & control for under $100, IBM PC/XT compatible, Com- modore 64, or other with 25 pin parallel port. PCB, interface, & software. Send for detailed literature to: MASE, R.D. #2 Box 166, Mohrsville, PA 19541. TOCOM converters w/r from $199.00. Tocom super chips turn on everything $69.00 each Phone (219) 935-4128. SURVEILLANCE — Privacy control — debugging — protection, (kits — assembled) large new catalog $5.00. TRI-TRON, 2209F Lapalco, Harvey, LA 70058. INTEGRATED circuits data books, business SASE for list. FRAZIER, Box 972, Windermere, FL 34786. SECRET new hair growing formula you can make. Really works. Free information NATURAL HAIR, PO Box 0963, Paragould, AR 72451-0963. COMPUTER interconnection products. Free 100 page catalog qualified buyers. L-COM, 1755 Os- good. North Andover, MA 01845. 78 Unlock the Mystery of the Automobile Computer! Build Your Own Diagnostic Scan Tool! The Kay To Understanding Ihe Modern Electronically Controlled Aulomohile Engine-^ Aeesss Scored ECM Data, Read-Out Fault Codw.y Challenging HEW E3BClrgii ie AMarnbly KIT— PLANS-PARTS— ASSEMBLEDfTESTED UNITS." Call 1-800-535-3091 or write lor complete Information V5 4 M Electro-Tech P.O. Bon 34334 Blaine, MN 55434 SECURE-64 programmable security system using your Commodore 64. Write B.R.V., 14732 Currency. Baton Rouge, LA 70817. (504) 296-5227. C WORKSHOP tutorial software teaches you C lan- guage. Feedback on 100 + programming exercises. Editor, compiler and our coordinated 384- page book included. MS/DOS. $69.95 + $5.00 S/H. V/MC/AE/ check. 1 (800) 762-8003 9-5 PDT. WORDCRAFT, 3827 Penniroan Ave., Oakland. CA 94619. SURPLUS ELECTRONICS. New giant wholesale catalog. Hundreds of amazing bargains. $2. Box 840, Champlain, NY 12919. BEST BY MAIL Rates: Write National, Box 5, Sarasota FL 34230 OF INTEREST TO ALL ADVERTISE YOUR IDEA! Inventor's Newsletter. Box 477. Mangum, OK 73554. HOME WORKERS NEEDED. Make money. 900 directories, addresses. $10.00. Nationals. RT. #3-M, Waseca, MN 56033. NASHVILLE RECORD COMPANY Interviewing Country Singers to record. Call 615-BB3-5349. FINANCIAL NEED CREDIT? M.500+ Gold Card No deposit. No turn- downs. Also MasterCard. 1(602)420- 1486. FREE DETAILS. LOANS. Visa/MasterCard. Guaranteed, No credit cheeks. Jameson. Box 4Q160(RE) I Bakersfield, CA 93384. PLANS AND KITS BUILD this five-digit panel meter and square-wave generator including an ohms, capacitance and fre- quency meter. Detailed instructions $2.50. BAG- NAU- ELECTRONICS, 179 Way, Fairfield, CT 06430. MINIATURE FM transmitters! Tracking transmitters! Voice disguisers! Bug detectors! Phone Devices! More! Available in kits or assembled! Catalog $1 .00: XANDI ELECTRONICS, Box 25647, Dept. 60C, Tempe, AZ B5285-5647. RADIO Astronomy! Monthly magazine, books, components. $3.00 brings sample package. BOB'S ELECTRONIC SERVICE, 7605 Deland, Ft. Pierce, FL 34951. : REMOTE CONTROL KEYCHAIN Complete w/mini-transmlttar and +5 vdc RF receiver Fully assembled Including plana to build your own auto alarm ■:■■■:■■ Quantity discounts available ne Check, Visa or M^C : .yQ Add $ 3 shipping VISITECTlNC./pept. R (415) 572-01 2 B : PO BOX 5442, SO. SAN FRAN., C A 04080; ■; $24. INVESTIGATORS, experimenters — - Quality new plans. Hard to find micro and restricted devices. Free catalog. Self addressed stamped envelope to KELLEY SECURITY INC., Suite 90, 2531 Sawtelle Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90064. CB Tricks II book. Power amplifier design and theo- ry, UHF CB lune ups. Send $19.95 MEDICINE MAN CB, PO Box 37. Clarksville, AH 72830. DETECTION — Surveillance, debugging, plans, kits, assembled devices. Latest high-tech catalog $5. DETECTION SYSTEMS, 2515 E. Thomas, #16-864F, Phoenix, AZ 85Q16. DESCRAMBLING, new secret manual. Build your own descramblers for cable and subscription TV. Instructions, schematics for SSAVI. gated sync, sinewave, (HBO, Cinemax. Showtime, UHF, adult) $8.95. $2.00 postage. CABLETRONICS, Box 30502R, Belhesda, MD 20824. CABLE-TV BONANZA! •CALL FOR AVAILABILITY Name Address . State. -City. . Zip_ □ Cashier's Check Acct # _ Signature □ Money Order .Phone Number ( ) D COD D Visa Exp. Date . . ITEM 1 UNIT 10 OR MORE HAMLIN MCC 3000 36 CORDED KEMOTE CONVEHTER iCN Hiinlyi 29 00 18 00 PANASONIC WIRELESS CONVERTER lour MSI buyi 9B00 79 00 STAR GATE 2000 saoo 69 00 ■JEHROuP 40O COMBO 169 00 I : 9 W JERROLD 400 HAND REMOTE CONTHOL 29 00 18 00 ■JERROLOJ50 COMBO 'JERROLD 450 HAND REMOTE CONTROL 29 00 18 00 JERROLD SB-ADD-ON 99 00 i.'i 00 ■JERROLD SB-ADD-ON WITH TRIMOOE 109 00 75 00 'M-35 B COMBO UNIT |Ch Joolpul anlyi 'r? ■--: 70 00 'M-35 B COMBO UNIT WITH VARiSfNC 109 00 75 00 'MIN1CODE lN-121 99 CO m ::: 'MINICODE rM - 1 2 i WITH VARISVNC 109 CO $5 00 ■MINICODE VARISVNC WITH AUTO ON-OFF 'J', X 105 00 E C ON OC OD E I mi n I code suljsl M LiNf h 69 :>::■ j: oo ECGNOCGPE WITH VARISYNC 79 00 J6O0 MLD- 1200-3 :)!),iruu[ unly, 11900 6SD0 ■SCIENTIFIC ATLANTA ADD-ON REPLACEMENT CESCat MBLER 119 00 35 00 Quantity Item Output Channel Price Each TOTAL PRICE SUBTOTAL from shipping any cable descrambling unit to anyone residing in the state of Calitornia. Prices subject to change without notice. Shipping Add $3.00 per unit COD & Credit Cards — Add 5% O! tiSC DQIKIT TOTAL O Mastercard o 3 FOR OUR RECORDS: DECLARATION OF AUTHORIZED USE — I. the under signed, do hereby declare under penalty of penury that all products purchased, now and in Ihe future, will only be used on cable TV systems with proper authorization Irom local officials or cable company officials in accordance w>tti all applicable federal and state laws FEDERAL AND VARIOUS STATE LAWS PROVIDE FOR SUBSTANTIAL CRIMINAL AND CIVIL PENALTIES FOR UNAUTHORIZED USE. Pacific Cable Company, Inc. 7325Vz RESEDA BLVD., DEPT. R-4 • RESEDA, CA 91335 (818)716-5914 • No Collect Calls • (818)716-5140 IMPORTANT: WHEN CALLING FOR INFORMATION Please have the make and model # ot the equipment used in your area. Thank You > CO 8 79 UNICORN YOUR I.C. SOURCE COLLIMATOR PEN A low power collima- tor pen containing a MOVPE grown gain guided GaAlAs laser, mis collimator pen de- livers a maximum CW output power of 2.5 mW at 25 °C. These colli mated laser sources are designed for industrial applications such as data retrieval, telemetry, alignment etc. The non-hermetic stainless steel encapsulation of the pen is specifically designed for easy alignment in an optical read or write system, and consists of a lens and a laser device. The lens system collimates the diverging laser light. The wavefront quality is diffraction limited. The housing is circular and precision manufac- tured with a diameter of 11.0 mm and" an accuracy between + and- 11j*rn. xt sTrnior: $ iOQ. o c r price $39.99 Quality Components - Low Prices Since f 983 LASER DIODE Designed for general industrial low power ap- plications such as read- ing optical discs, optical memories, bar code scanners, security sys- tems, alignment etc. The gain guided laser is constructed on a n- type gallium arsenide substrate with a Metal Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxial process (MOVPE) The device is mounted in an hermetic S0T148D (diameter 9.0 mm) encapsulation. The SB1053 is standard equipped with a monitor diode, isolated from the case and optically coupled to the rear emitting facet of the laser. This fast responding monitor diode can be used as a sensor to control the laser optical output level. i itt rmrr finn rtfr- price $9.99 We Carry A Full Line ol Components CALL FOR FREE CATALOG EPROMS STOCK I PIKS DESCRIPTION I-Z4 2533 IDG. zrc-i !7M ma 2TI6-I jss n i mi 1024 ^ ■;ii'.', 1024 x8450ns 2048 x 8450ns (25v) 2048* 8 350ns (25v) 399 379 579 550 3.99 379 3 19 3.03 TMS2J 1 6 u 2048x8450ns i?S S9fl S.W 27CI6 24 2048 X 8 450ns <25v-CM0SI 3 59 341 3.07 W& I* 4090 x 8 450ns 125v) 379 360 324 JT3JH-Z U 4096 x 8 200ns (2lv) 379 3.60 3J24 Zim a 4096 x 8 250ns I2M 3.69 361 3.16 JIffiM 21 4096 x 8 450m (21v) 309 794 2.65 r«SK3! 24 4096 x8 450ns f25r) 5 79 S5TI 495 ZIC32 U 4096 x 8 450ns I25V-CWS) 4.19 393 368 WW-!* 21 8192 x 8200ns (21 V) 399 3.79 3.41 ZIS4 tA Si!Bi!^a?i <2!.'. 359 3.41 307 Z>S4A-2Tj 23 B132x 82ma 112.5V) 399 3.79 3.41 Z'M* 2a 8192x8 250ns (12.5V) 3.SS 341 307 T«IS?564 it B1S2x 8250ns [25vj 6.73 645 i.at nrnm Zt 16,384 x 8 200ns I2IV) 5.79 5 50 496 Z7I2J 23 16.384 x 8250ns (21 v) *./» l.ii 4.10 zinzE 23 15.364x8 250ns (21V) 533 512 46t Z7256-J0 a 32,768 x 8200ns 112.5V) s<» 569 51? Z72SG 23 32.76B X S 250ns 1125V) 4M 4/4 4.27 !7C!S6 ZS 32,768 x 8 250ns I12.5V-CM0S) S99 5M 51? IiSlZZD 23 65.536 X 8 200ns 112.5V) ID 49 997 9.97 .'75 1Z n 65.536 x 8 250ns II2.SV) 9.49 90? H1? ?rr.t-i i- a 65,536 x 8250ns I12.5V-CM0S) 999 9.49 054 nam 32 131.072 x 8 200ns f12.5v-CM0S) 27 99 TfiSfl 23 RS WIN U 8192 1 8450ns 1199 1304 IB 24 58766 21 8192 x8450ns 1599 1519 13B7 UNICORN ELECTRONICS -__ 10010 Canoga Ave., Unit B-8 I ""' I Chatsworth, CA 91311 ORDER BY PHONE (toll free) (800) 824-3432 (outside California] in california (818) 341-8833 order by fax (818) 998-7975 CIRCLE 198 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD REMOVE VOCALS FROM RECORDS AND CDs! cj'^WM^ SING WiTH THE WORLD'S BEST BANDS! An Unlimited supply of Backgrounds from standard stereo records! Record with your voice or perform live with th& backgrounds* Used in Professional Performance yet connects easily to a home component stereo. This unique product is manufactured and sold Exclusively by LT Sound - Not sold through dealers. Call or write for a Free Brochure and Demo Record. LT Sound, Dept.R L-3,7980 LT Parkway Lithonia, GA 30058 (404)482-4724 Manufactured and Sold Exclusively by LT Sound 24 HOUR PHONE DEMO LINE: 1404I4B2-24S5 BUILD remote controlled robot, plans, electronic kits, free details, ROBOT WORKS, Box 1979, Colo- rado Springs, CO 80901. CATALOG: hobby/broadcasting/HAM/CB; Cable TV, transmitters, amplifiers, surveillance devices, computers, more! PAN AXIS, Box 130-F4, Para- dise, CA 95967. SURVEILLANCE transmitter kits are available to professional City, State and Government law en- forcement agencies that operate on frequencies they prefer. Our transmitters have proven generally to outperform theirs. Four models of each; tele- phone, room, combination telephone/room trans- mitters tune from 65 to 305 MHz. Send $1.00 (overseas airmail $2.00) for catalog. Included is Popular Communications book review of "Now Hear This! Electronics Eavesdropping Equip- ment Design" by Winston Arrington, Book contains 58 transmitter schematics. SHEFFIELD ELEC- TRONICS, 7223 Stony Island Ave.. Chicago. IL 60649-2806. NEW HE NE LASER TUBES $35 Dealer Inquiries Invited. Free Catalog! MEREDITH INSTRUMENTS: 6403 N. 59th Ave. Glendale, AZ 35301 * (602) 934-9387 "The Source for Laser Surplus" X SINGERS. At last, build your own vocal filter. Re- move lead vocals from standard stereo records, CDs, tapes, FM broadcasts, so you can be the lead singer of your favorite band. Schematic/theory $6.95. WEEDER TECHNOLOGIES, 14773 Lindsay, Mt. Orab, OH 45t54. KITS Preamplifiers, amplifiers, antenna amplifier, alarm, dice, power meter, VU meter, motion detec- tor, siren, chime, doorbell, timers and trainers. Cata- log: ARLI ELECTRONICS, 2155 Verdugo Blvd. #22, Montrose, CA 91020. STRESSED out? Relaxation technique easily learned with the aid of a simple electronic device. Not hypnosisl Plans $9.95. BLUE CHIP ENGI- NEERING, Oept. 33, PO Box 1100, Walnut, CA 91789. SURVEILLANCE schematics. Easy to build. Bug detector $5.00, FM transmitter S5.00, phone snoop $5.00, all three $12.95, $1.00 postage. CABLETRONICS, Box 30502R, Bethesda. MD 20624. PROJECT supplies — tools — motors — casting — etc.. Catalog $1.00 INVENTORS HARDWARE, Box 8460-R, Anaheim, CA 92312. ROBOTS. 44 kits and plans to build. Catalog $1.00. MUSEUM OF ROBOTICS STORE, 4026 MLK JR. Way, Oakland, CA 94609. CIRCUIT design software; filters, amplifiers, crossovers, oscillators, timers and more! Disk and documentation $19.95. PC/MSDOS Info $1.00. BRUTECH, Box 596, Welland, Ontario, Canada L3B 5R3. RECHARGE toner cartridges used in laser printers and personal copiers. Earn $50.00 per hour. 1 (800) 221-3516. 62 N. Coieman Road, Ceniereach, NY 11720. TALKING voltmeter! Microprocessor controlled! Build yours under $20.00. No experience necessary with microprocessors. Send self addressed/stamp- ed envelope to: DIGITAL DREAMS, Box #4192. Huntington Beach, CA 92605. UNIVERSAL IC, component tester! Plans $5.00 US, Catalog $1.00 QUANTUM RESEARCH, 17919-77 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T5T2S1. MULTI CHANNEL MICROWAVE ANTENNAS • CRYSTAL CONTROLLED MIL-MUWAVfc AN [LNNAb FOR OVER THE AIR CABLE SYSTEMS (WIRELESS CABLE) • CAPABLE OF RECEIVING 30 CHANNELS • CONVERTERS AVAILABLE FOR ZENITH SYSTEMS CATALOG & INFO: (203) 975-7543 VIDEO-LINK ENTERPRISES 520 GLE NBfl rjOK HD , SUITE 202, STAMFORD CT 06906 SATELLITE TV FREE catalog -Do-il-yourseif save 40-60%. Lowest prices worldwide, systems, upgrades, parts, all ma- jor brands factory fresh and warranted. SKYVI- SION, INC., 2009 Collegeway, Fergus Falls, MN 56537. 1 [800) 334-6455. OESCRAMBLER: Build our low cost video only, satellite TV descrambler for most satellite channels Uses easy to get, everyday parts. Board & plans $35.00 US funds. Board, plans & parts S99.00 US funds. Wired & tested unit $189.00 US funds. Send check, monev order or Visa to: VALLEY MICRO- WAVE ELECTRONICS, Bear River, Nova Scotia, Canada BOS 1B0 Or phone (902) 467-3577. Bam to 4pm eastern time. Note: educational project only. Not to be used illegally. CABLE TV DESCRAMBLER LIQUIDATION! • Major Makes & Models! • Will match or beat anyone's prices! • Dealer discounts at S units! • Examples: HAMLIN COMBOS . $44 ea. (Min. 5) OAK ADD/ON $40 ea. (Min. 5) OAK M35B $60 ea. (Min. 5) WEST COAST ELECTRONICS For Information: 818-709-1758 Catalogs & Orders: 800-628-9656 VIDEOCYPHER II descrambling manual. Sche- matics, video and audio. Explains DES, EPROM, CloneMaster, 3Musketeer, pay-per-view (HBO, Cin- emax, Showtime, adult, etc.) $13.95, $2.00 postage. Collection of Software to copy and alter EPROM codes, $25. CABLETRONICS, Box 30502R, Beth- esda, MO 20824. DESCRAMBLERS for movies, networks, $175, vid- eo only. $450 complete. Visa, MC accepted. Cata- log $4,00. SKYWATCH, 233 Davenport Road, Toronto, Canada, M5R 1J6. SATELLITE printout for your location $7.95. DATABANK RESEARCH, PO Box 261, Westmont, IL 60559. PAY TV and satellite descrambling 1990 edition. Our best yet More descrambling circuits, tum-ons, schematics, countermeasures, counter-counter measures, only $14.95. Scrambling News monthly $19.95/yr. Sample $3.00. New indexed catalog $1.00 COO'S are ok (716) 874-2088. SCRAM- BLING NEWS, 1552 W. Hertel Ave., Buffalo, NY 14216. 80 VIDEOCIPHER II manuals. Volume 1 — hardware, Volume 2 — software. Either $32.45. Volume 3 — projects'software — $42.45. Volume 4 — repair — $97.45. Volume S documentation — $42.45. Cable Hacker's Bible — $32.45. Clone Hacker's Bible — $32.95 CODs: (602) 782-2316. 220+ Megabytes ISM- PC/XT software — catalog-$3.00. TELE- CODE, Sox 6426-RE, Yuma, AZ 65366-6426. CABLE TV secrets — the outlaw publication the cable companies tried to ban. HBO, Movie Channel, Showtime, descramblers, converters, etc. Sup- pliers list included. $8.95. CABLE FACTS, Box 711- R.Pataskala, OH 43062. ATLANTIC GROUP ENTERPRISES INC. Buy sat- ellite equipment. Dealing directly with the seller. We can Show you how. Toll Tree 1 (800) 446-4039. -***** PRESENTING ■**-*■*-* 1 CABLE TV DESCRAMBLERS ***** STARRJJYG ***** JERROLD, HAMLIN, OAK AND OTHER FAMOUS MANUFACTURERS * F]NEST\£rAJ«?AI*1T™oaKAMAiu4»JL«li£ * LOWEST RETAliL/WHDIESAiE PRICES IN U-5- * ORDERS SHIPPED FROM STOCK WITHIN 24 HOURS FOP, FREE CATALOG ONLV 1-BOO»S4 S-C927 t FOR ALL INFQRMATJON 1 -S1S-7I 6-59 ! 4 PACIFIC CABLE CO. INC. nXBft FT£5££iA ay. D DEPT FlEI B9 SOFTWARE FREE soltware for IBM and compatibles! Info $1.00. BLUE CHIP ENGINEERING, Dept. 33. PO Box 1100, Walnut. CA 91789. FREE CATALOG! 1-800-648-7938 For all information 1-702-362-9026 JERROLD HAMLIN OAK ETC. CABLE TV DESCRAMBLERS ■ Compare our low Low Retail Prices! • Guaranteed Prices & Warranties! • Orders Shipped Immediately! REPUBLIC CABLE PRODUCTS INC. 4080 Paradise Rri. #15 Dept. RE-90 Las Vegas. NV 89109 EDUCATION & INSTRUCTION MAGIC! Four illustrated lessons plus inside infor- mation shows you how. We provide almost 50 tricks including equipment lor four professional effects. You get a binder to keep the materials in, and a one- Kear membership in the International Performing fagicians with a plastic membership card that has your name gold-embossed. You get a one-year sub- scription to our quarterly newsletter "ITs MAGIC!" Q rde r now ! $29 .95 for each cou rse ■ $3. 50 postage and handling (New York residents add applicable state and local sales tax). THE MAGIC COURSE, 500-B BiCounty Boulevard, Farmingdale, NY 11735. LEARN ISM PC assembly language. 80 sample programs. Disk $5. Book S18. ZIPFAST, Box 12238, Lexington, KY 40581-2238. INSTANTANEOUSLY reduce stereo volume. De- vice mutes stereo while phone in use. PC board, complete instructions only $14.95. TRIAD TECH- NOLOGIES, 7184 Manchester, St. Louis, MO 63143-2408. CABLE TV DESCRAMBLERS 10 Lot ,„ m JERROLD"" Tri-Bi Mat. J1M.00 JS5.0Q O i^ JERROLD™ SB-3 OR 2 m.QO 165.00 O ^_ ~ UJ HimlinMLD.1200 139.95 $62.00 2 7 f ± OikN-12W/V.S.. $99.95 S62.00 O < ^ Oik-M-35-B W/V.S 199.00 S78.00 CE I Q % OAKE-13 „ $99.95 S5S.00 I - O tt! S5 Zenilh SSAVI SI 85,00 $145.00 O |_ 22 S Eiilcro.3 $120.00 S85.00 LLJ < J— ^ Scientific Atlanta $129.95 $105.00 jjj 2 f£ 22 SA-Comboi CALL SCill . J ¥ I Tocom $350.00 $295.00 O ;J S |— Oik N-12W/ Auto, $140,00 S105.O0 ^ <; rf ~Z JcrroldStareomCSV.... $139.95 Call *NEW STARGATE 2000 CABLE CONVERTER 1 -$89.00 10-$69.00 100-Call Last channel recal I -Favorite channel select- 75channel-Channei scan-Manual fine tune- One year warranty -surge protection-HRC & Sland- ard switchable- and much more, Cilll Toclnv- !NFORMATION(402}554-041 7 Orders Call Toll Free 1-800-624-1150 M.D. ELECTRONICS 115 NEW YORK MALL SUITE 133E OMAHA. NE. 68114 M.C. VISA C.Q.D. CIRCLE 53 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD //Express mmi « &BBS 1-800-338-0531 (aX) motorola Potydax 1-800-338-0531 Pioi\ieen 3-WAY 100W CROSSOVER 12 dB/oclave rolloK. SOOEz, 3000Hz crossover points. 8 ohm 100 watts RMS. fc& #260-210 $12.50 (1-9) $9.95 ClO-up) SPEAKER CONTROL PANEL Panel with 50 watt L-pads lor tweeter and midrange and built-in LED power meter. 5'x 2 1/3" 100 watt venlon available SK50 #260-235 (1-5) $12.90 (6-up) 12" POLY WOOFER Super duty, 40 oz. magnet, 100 watts RMS. 145 watts max. 4 and 9 ohm compat- ible [B ohm). 3" voice coil. fs = 25Hz. QTS=166. VAS= 10.8 cu fl. Response: 25-1500 Hz. Net weight: 9 lbs. Pioneer #A3*3U40-51D #290-125 S36.80 (1-3) $34,50 (4-up) WALNUT SPEAKER CABINET KIT , Super quality, aentune walnut ven^ef cabinet. Kit includes: routed arid mitred top, sides, and bottom in unfinished 3/4" walnut veneer. Cut your own custom holes in the front and rear to match your drivers, 15" i 24' i m Volume: 15 cubic feet. #260-350 S22.50 (1-3) $19.95 (4-up) PIONEER HORN TWEETER Mylar dome. 2.93 oz. barium ferrite magnet. 8 ohm. Response: 1800- 20000 Hi. SSW RMS, sow max is-aoooHz, SPL- lOSdB. Pioneer #AHE60-51F I #210-050 $6.50 w 9) $5.90 (10-up) //i- Parts //express 340 E. Fir* $v, DtytosL. Oho t Local. 1-313-322-0.73 "AX 5.3 222 4&I4 * L5 day mc-ray 1»± Cfuirslwr " 11500 riawremn etdtt "Wfticcepr Mistcfcud, Vlb. Ducow. und COD. orfBre "24 hour ihjppu T3 ID O 81 CABLE TV CONVERTERS & EQUIPMENT ^ 1 SHE 10+ NIT UNITS PANASONIC WIRELESS CONVERTER 85,00. . . 69.00 JERROLD 400 COMBO W'REMOTE (DRX3DIC) 134,00... 95.00 JERROLD 400 OR 450 REMOTE HAND UNIT 24,00... 15.00 JERROLD JRX 3DIC 84.00. , . 65.00 JERROLD SB ADD ON 74.00. . . 55.00 JERROLD SB ADD ON WITH TRI-BI 95.00. . . 70.00 OAK M-35 COMBO 79.00, . , 60.00 OAK MINICODE (N-1 2) 84.00 59.00 HAMLIN MLD 1200 64.00. . . 45.00 SCIENTIFIC ATLANTA SA-3 ADDON 109.00... 75.00 INTERFERENCE FILTER (CHANNEL 3 OR 6) £4.00... 14.00 NEW SCIENTIFIC ATLANTA COMBO 275.00. . 215.00 PIONEER DESCRAMBLER 250.00 200.00 TOCOM VIP 200.00. . 175.00 ZENITH FLASHING 175.00.. 150.00 ZENITH SSAVI 125.00. . . 90.00 EAGLE PD-3 95.00. . . 75.00 VIDEO-LINK Enterprises, Inc. 520 GLEMBROOK RD., SUITE 202 STA MFORD, CT 06906 ORDERS: 1-800-622-9022 CATALOG & INFO: 203-975-7543 MONDAY - FRIDAY 10 AM — 5:30 PM, E.S.T. IMPORTANT: Have make and model # of the equipment used in your area. QTY ITEM OUTPUT CHANNEL PfflCE EACH TOTAL PRICE NO CONNECTICUT SALES. !t SUBTOT. tsnol the intent of \ lo ttefraud any pa operator and we wi any company or it 1DEO-LINK t television Shipping S3 / Unit dividual in COD: Add 5% PLEASE PRINT: TOTAL □ M.O. D COD. D CASHIERS CHECK NAME, ADDRESS CITY/STATEJZIP PHONE SIGNATURE WAIVER. Since I, the undersigned, fully understand that Ihe ownership of a cable decoder does not give Ihe owner of Ihe decoder Ihe right lo decode or view premium cabin channel:-, without proper authorization from their local cable company, hereby declare under penalty of perjury thai aft products purchased, at any lime, wilt only be used on cable TV systems wilh proper authorization from local officials or cable company officers in accordance with all applicable federal and state laws. Federal and various slate laws provide for substantial criminal and cfvit penalties for unauthorized use. Dated: Signed: GET IN (VOIT ON Tilt $12 BILLION A YEAR COMPUTER SERVICE INDUSTRY LEARN HOW 70 CLEAN/ MAINTAIN/REPAIR PRINTERS .. . MUD'S Mmut-mmmm jauiudis ran »m COUFAHlCm Tmimits MANUAL (OVER 3P tCTIOH-WUSEP P*«S) mvftis aestu :_] OF PHI HI EUR EMM... t WIMYQUHAVEHAGE MECHANICAL ABILITY WE CAN SHOW YOU KOtt TO REPAIR UP TO SSM OF All PRINT ESS - S1ART EARNING EXTRA CASH IN DAVSI • HIKE UNTAMED HMKETI • SERIOUS LACK DF TRAINED TECHNICIANS W£B3J MU.U0 H PES IN USE APPROXIMATELY ISSHAVE1PRIMTER AT T1CHED Wt STHAlMUf F PR IN Tift B A M DWNS A R I QUE I D SIM PI E MECHANICAL OK ELECT AO-MECHANICAL FAILURE OR WRITE TO: VIEJO PUI LI CATIONS .■EtOM SHIRE 31 < .■lil DEFT.RE2. LA CA 3-MIC FfiEE INFO CALL 1-800-537-0589 BE a recording engineer; Train at home for high paying — exciting careers. Free information. AU- DIO INSTITUTE, 2174 Union St., Suite 22K, San Francisco. CA 94123. BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES EASY work! Excellent pay! Assemble products at home. Call for information. (504) 641-8003 Ext. 5192. MAKE $50/hr working evenings or weekends in your own electronics business. Send for free facts. INDUSTRY, Box 531. Bronx, NY 10461. YOUR own radio station! AM, FM. TV, cable. Li- censed/unlicensed. BROADCASTING, Box 130- F4, Paradise, CA 95967. INVENTIONS, ideas, technology wanted for pre- sentation to industry/exhibition at national innova- tion exposition. Call 1 (800) 288-IDEA. LET Ihe government finance your small business. Grants' loans to S500.000. Free recorded message: (707) 449-8600. (KS1), MECHANICALLY inclined individuals desiring ownership of small electronics manufacturing busi- ness-without investment. Write: BUSINESS-R, 826 Merrick Road. Baldwin, NY 11510. CABLE T.V. CONVERTERS WHY PAY A HIGH MONTHLY FEE? All Jerrold, Oak, Hamlin, Zenith, Scientific Atlanta, Magnavox and all specialized cable equipment available for shipment within 24 hours. For fast service MC/ VISA or COD. telephone orders accepted (800) 648-3030 60 Day Guarantee (Quantity Discounts) 8 A.M. to 5 P.M. C.S.T. CLOSED WEEK- ENDS. Send self-addressed Stamped enve- lope (60s postage) for Catalog. i mJUi P0 - Boa 5000 (TIIDlUeST Suite 111 (R| [€L€aRonicsinc.™<«; ileJL6miD INVENTORS INVENTORS! Can you patent and profit from your idea? Call AMERICAN INVENTORS CORPORA- TION for free information. Over a decade of service 1 (800) 338-5656. In Massachusetts or Canada call (413) 568-3753. CABLE TV EQUIPMENT Converters, Remote Controls, Descramblers, CD Players, JERROLD-OAK-SCIENTHTC ATLANTA- HAMLIN ZENITH MANY MORE CALL TODAY! v Only quality products sold V Easy to use ^Satisfaction guaranteed V Knowledgeable sales staff V Most orders shipped within 24 hours CALL FOR YOUR FREE CATALOG 1-800-228-7404 MAKE THE CONNECTION WITH NU-TEK ELECTRONICS |l 5114 Balcones Wood Dr.#307 Dept.298 Austin, TX. 7E759 WANTED INVENTORS! Confused? Need help? Call IMPAC for free information package. In US and Canada: 1 (800) 225-5800. SEISMOMETER wanted to measure earthquakes. Pay cash. D. HUTCHISON, 4000 Little Timber, Ed- mond. OK 73034. (405) 341-9615. INVENTIONS, new products ideas wanted: Call TLCt for free information 1 (800) 468-7200 £4 hours' day - USA/Canada. ANTIQUE RADIO CLASSIFIED Free Sample! Antique Radio's Largest Circulation Monthly. (Hi Articles, Ads & Classifieds. 6-Month Trial: $1 1 . 1-Yr: $20 ($30-1st Class). A.R.C., P.O. Box 802-L4, Carlisle, MA 01741 TELEPHONE CALL SCREENING REAL telephone call screening! Protect tele- phones. Fax, computer, hearing Impaired, day sleepers. Eliminate wrong numbers, prank and sales calls. Plugin unit provides variable ring cadence signaling. True unlisted number on any touchtone private line. Automatic call routing. Send $13.95 for complete theory and con- struction manual. ELECTRONIC CONTROL SYSTEMS. R,D. 2 Box 3308, Wernersvllle, PA 18565. VNUTS&VOLTSM ■VI A G A j£ 1 N Ci V t YOURSELF A EJHEflK A PRICE BREAK 1 IN UTS 5 VOLTS WILL Sfljtf VQLt MONEY ON ELECTRONIC PARTS o. EQUIPMENT P|0 SHOW YOU WHERE ID FIND UNIQUE, UNUSUAL AND HAflD-TD-FINO ITEMS, " i ':■"/<■ *■!,«'.■ ■!> ldC:mM>J IJ-J, mi it** JU« WBYlMl «t« 'ilCIhi RUI *i NM L»ji (SUM *M.tG 17.'" An- Mail ^ AfaitolhMMtiMhrTheBwArtSi^QfButmicEfiiltmtitt COMPUTER BOOKS DISCOUNT computer books. All titles available, including recent releases. Please caJI or write for our latest catalog. BOOK WARE, 147 Campville Road, Northfield. CT 06778- 1 (800] 283-5662. BUY BONDS 82 CIRCLE 64 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD HARDWARE HACKER continued from page 76 eludes a Generic Array Logic Demo through SGS-Thomson and a CUPL demo disk from Logical Devices. Included here is a My First PAL Design booklet. Tektronix has a new and free Scope Evaluation Kit avai lable that includes a test circuit board which purposely generates overshoots and hard-to-see glitches. They also have several free oscilloscope videotapes available. Surprisingly cheap ($3.95) analog hygrometer humidity instruments are available from Kiockit. Turning to other mechanical stuff, Stock Drive Products has a new data book and master catalog available on such things as gears, belts, couplings, robotics, bread- boards, and such. To improve the appearance of your prototypes, the Donjer folks have low-cost "instant suede" ap- plied via liquid glop and a cabbage duster. 28 colors are available, as is a $52 professional starter kit. Yet another reminder here that the Midnight Engineering is a great new hacker magazine aimed at all of your small-scale hardware and software productions. Free sam- ples are available by special ar- rangement. Turning to my own stuff, for the fundamentals of microprocessors and microcomputers, check into my Micro Cookbooks, volumes I and II. I also have a new and free mailer for you that includes doz- ens of insider and top hardware- hacking secret sources. Write or call for a copy. R-E CABLE TV "BOXES" Converters — De scramblers Remote Controls— Accessories » Guaranteed Best Prices * * t Year Warranty — CO D s * * Immediate Shipping * * FREE CATALOG * Call ot Write TRANS- WORLD CABLE CO. 12062 Southwest 1 17th Court. Suile 126 Miami. Florida 33190 I t- S0O442 9333 CONSOLIDATED EL E C T R O M I C S : M \ ** 'frp 3jTBj«r&fi5Sffifcs^">- r c« ■ irmf.-vr.ov THE ULTIMATE ELECTRONICS CATALOG Order your 260 page catalog and priw Hit with over 14,000 money laving electronic parti and equipment! Send 13.00 in a check or money order, or call 1 -800-64 3- 3668 today and tua your Maitercard or Vila. Conioli dated Blectronlci, Incorporated 705 Watorvlet Ave., Dayton, Ohio 4B420-2E9fl Namo Addren_ City .State -Zip. CIRCLE 70 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD MARK V ELECTRONICS, INC. QUALITY COMPONENTS * COMPETITIVE PRICING A indicates the level ol difficulty in the assembling of our Products SM-333 TA-3600 JEh fl.ft TA-47 », 'i TA 477 TA-1 TA-2200 "TA-800 " '""" — ffl We provide transformers for most of our Mark V amplifier kitV AMPLIFIERS MODEL DESCRIPTION KtT TA-2GMK2 Digital Voice Recorder a* 30-00 TA-50A/B Multi-Purpota Melody Generator A........ 11.84 TASOC Murll-PurooM MelodvGana/atorA 12,65 TA-120MK2 35WCI«a"A" Main PowarMonq Amp.A A , 27.16 TA-300 30WMultlPurpoM Single ChannaJ Amp i. 20.00 TA-302 60W Stereo Power Booster 50 00 TA-32 2i 5OW+50W IC Stereo Am. w/led level display 4 35.50 TA.-323A 30Wxa starao Pra-maln Amp. A 29.50 TA-377A HI-QUALITY FET Stereo Pre-Amp.AA A 5B.85 TA-40O 40W Solid State Mono AmpA 28.00 TA-477 120W Mottet Power MonoAmp.AA 88.00 TA-800 80W+80W DC Pre-Meln a PowerAmp.AA 60.92 TA-802 BOW+BOWDCSlereoMalnPowerAmp.AA 45.B4 TA-620A 60W4 BOW QCLDC Pre- Main Stereo Amu. A A . 40.39 TA-10OOA 100W Dynamic Clai* "A" Main Power Mono Amp, 59-60 TA-1 500 10OWx2CTB» L 'A"DCStereoPr*-MalnArnpAAA73.70 TA-2200 FET Super class A DC Pre Amo 47. TO TA-24O0A Electronic tctioi Revelation Ampa a a * 93.30 TA-25O0 HOPre-Amp. w/1 band araohiceouslEier*.... TA-2300 BI-FET IC Pre-Amp. w/3 way ton* control^ A 48.90 TA-3000 stereoSlmijlator(FofmonpTVoranymonosDurce|3o.20 TA-3SOO 300W MO Hi-FI Power Mono Amp. AAA 70.00 ASSEMBLED S 18.58 17.71 38.81 29.00 70.00 4S.15 38.35 75.00 34.93 49.37 80.5S 95.81 58.24 118.80 9O.80 41.38 103.00 POWER SUPPLIES TR-1O0A Q-1 5V 2.A Regulated DC Power Supply 59.50 60.50 TR-355A D-1SV5A Regulated DC Power Supply 14.55 20.76 TR-355B 0-30V 3A Regulated DC Power Supply 14.55 20.76 TR-503 O- 50V 3A Ft 6BU lated DC Power S U pply 15.75 22.85 CATALOG & INFORMATION (213) 888-8988 ORDER TOLL FREE 800-423-3483 IN CALIFORNIA 800-521 -MARK FAX (21 3) 888-6868 ▲ Beginner A A Intermediate lii Advanced * Fully Assembled .«». ..■„„■■....„ 179.00 METAL CABINETS WITH ALUMINUM PANEL: LG-1273 3"k12"x7" *20.16 LG-1634 4"k16"x8" * 24.64 LO-1924 4")e19"ii11W. « - 30.00 LG-1925 B" xlB" x .1W'.. .«« 33*00 LQ-1MI3 awiiij"iB" 3S.50 I ; I MAJOHCRtfJH CARDS MUNE-r ORUEHS ANtlCHtCKS -BUSINESS* SHOWROOM HOURS iPACIFH NME) MUN FRl 9 JO A M 5 00 PM SAT I000AM-. Lrr 5MJPM IERMS S1040MIN ORDER $20 M1N CHARGE CARDOFTOER WE SHIP UPS C.ROUNU AOUlIPi-OI I0JAI ORDt'HiMIN $300i rOR SHIPPING OUTS1UE LISA ADD F^ 20ViMIM S500) THANSIt INSURANCE ADOSSOr TOTALlOUTSlOE U$AONt.*i CARESIDENrSAODSAlESTAX' AU.MERCHAMDISESUBJEC1 tOPRlORSALE PRICESAHE f*^ SUBJECT TO CHANCE WITHOUT NOTICE WE ARE NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR IYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS £•-« MARK V ELECTRONICS. INC. — 8019 E. Slauson Ave. Montcbcllo. CA 90640 m CIRCLE 93 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD > "TJ to CD O 83 GRA1 - AHTI GRMVf GENERATOR $10.00 m LC7- « WATT BURNING CUniNG LASER S20.00 gsc RUM- HI POWER PULSED DRILLING LASER S20«l »pBTC5- 1 MILLION WJLTTESLACOIL SMK) fcSwCPI- HI VELOCITY COIL GUN S15D0 25LLS1- LASER LIGHT SHOW 3 METHODS S2&.0D COEH1- ELECTRONIC HYPNOTISM TECHNIQUES . . SB.Q0 Z EML1 - LOWER POWERED COIL GUN LAUNCREfl $8.0D 3JL3- JACOB LADDER 3 MODELS .510.00 SD5- SEE IN THE DARK $10.00 tULEVI- LEVITAIION DEVICE $10.00 cog FMV1K - 3 MILE FM VOICE TRANSMITTER , . . $3450 PFS1K- HAND CONTROLLED PLASMA FIRE SABER $4950 NIGTK - HI FLUX NEGATIVE ION GENERATOR $34.50 PG5K- PLASMA LIGHTNING GLOBE $4950 LHCJK - VISI BLE SIM ULATE D 3 COUJR LASER $4450 HOD1 K - HOMING/TRACKING BEEPER TRANSMITTER $4450 LGU6K - 2.5 HW HANDHELD VISIBLE LASER GUN . . $24950 BTC3K - 260,000 VOLT TABLE TOP TESLA COIL . . . . $24950 IOG2 K - ION RAY GU N, proiecl e nenjy wi til o ul wires $1 29.95 TKEtK - TELEKINETIC ENHANCER/ELECTRIC MAN . $7950 VWPM7K - 3 MILE AUTO TELEPHONE TRANSMITTER $4950 q ASSEMBLED IN OUR LABS XI LISTIO-INFINITYXMTRUstStlinviaphonelines .. $19950 _J IPG70 - INVISIBLE PAIN FIELD BLAST WAVE GENERATORS7450 00 ITM1D - 100,000 VOLT [NTIMIDAIOR UP TO 20' $9950 5 T*T3Q - AUTOMATIC TELEPHONE RECORDING DEVICE . $2450 QJ PSP40— PHASOR SONIC BLAST WAVE PISTOL ... $3950 OTDN110-ALLNEW26-V1VIDCOLOREDNEONST1CK..S7450 OQLGU20- .5 TO 1MW VISIBLE RED HeNe LASER GUN . 519950 < BLS10 - 100.00 WATT BLASTER DEFENSE WAND . . $3950 EASY ORDERING PROCEDURE • TOLL FREE 1J00-221-1705 oi 24 HRS ON 1-603-673-4730 a FAX 1TT0 1-503-672 5406 VISA, MC, CHECK, MOIN USFUNOS. INCLUDE 10% SHIPPING. ORDERS StDaoO&UPONLYAMSIO.QO.CATALOGSI.QOORFflEEWITHOflDER, INFORMATION UNLIMITED PO. BOX 716. DEFT. RZ. AMHERST. NH 03031 DESCRAMBLERS "The Empire Strikes Back" 'We Cut Prices To The Bare Essentials' There Is NO Competition ANYWHERE I JERROLD™ TB-3 SCIENTIFIC ATLANTA SA-3 HAMUN ML0 1200 OAK M35B W/VARI-SYNC INTELESTAR CONVERTERS DF-3/2 FILTERS FULL WARRANTY 10%UNDER ANYONESI Quoted or Advertised Prices—Even The wl ]Jj!|!f? le For R r eat n9 ca„'" , °: (402)331-3228 SALES REGULATED BY FEDERAL & STATE LAW ANYONE IMPLYING THEFT OF SERVICES WILL BE DENIED PURCHASE CjM- !■-:■■■--■ ■■■■ SQTjlj in-:':.; '■■:.■ I? 1 :;. ■■..!■■■■, '■!■ Bfl 1 17 CIRCLE 203 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD CO O Z o EC H O 1X1 O Q < DC When You Need Resistors, We Sell You Resistors (And Gravy), But Not Printed Matter! Resistors are one of the most common of electronic component parts and having a good reliable source for them is a necessity. For years we have been the lowest price leader in this (and many other) areas, and the following price comparison table proves that although we ask for a yearly Membership Fee of $35,00, you can recover your investment quickly after purchasing just a few thousand resistors, and what you will save on more than 10,000 additional Items that we stock. Is the so-called 'gravy' part of the whole deal. Resistor Type 1/4 Watt. 5% Car borv Film (Bulk) 1/4 Watt, 1%, Metal- Film (Bulk) Quantity 10 100 1,000 10,000 10 100 IjOOO Electronic Buyers Club $ 0.77 4.76 43.20 0.32 1.16 8.25 Digi-Key® (No Dfecount) S 0.5O 1.70 8.10 72,00 1.00 3.90 20.00 Digi-Key® (Max Discount) S 0,375 1.275 8.10 72.00 0,75 2.925 20.00 Jameco Electronics® S 0.50 2.50 11,95 99.50 3.29 17.95 JOB Mictodevices® S 0,50 2,00 15.00 Sintec® S4.00 12.00 8,00 30.00 12 Months Saving Guarantee We will refund the first year Membership Fee of any member who has purchased $300 or more worth of products from Electronic Buyers Club and has not saved an amount greater than the first year Membership Fee, if buying the same items elsewhere. It is not that these Other firms are trying to rip you off, the fact is that advertising in several Trade Magazines each month ond printing and mailing hundreds of thousands of virtually the same catalog every few months cost a lot of money and they have to charge more, Call us today and start receiving components for your money instead Of printed matter. 30 Days Money Back Guarantee We will refund the full Membership Fee of any new member of Electronic Buyers Club who within 30 Days after receiving the Membership Binder, returns the Binder to EBC and asks for the cancellation of Membership. Electronic f^uyers (pub A Division of Inlcrnilicnil ConpOomtl CojponUJDTt 1803 N.W. Lincoln Way • Toledo, OR 97391 PHONE (All 50 States & Canada): 1 -800-325-01 01 FAX: (503) 336-4400 • Hours; 6:00 AM - 6:00 PM PST CIRCLE 199 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD 84 Now Look What Hand Held Frequency Counters Can Do! New from OPTOELECTRONICS IMMtMStti OPTOELtCTROHieS IMC. MODEL UTC3000 US* tWVf K*L MU11!« nw| l»lO UPtfTI ItlHtMMKi MD IWHtZ.ICtU oprorttcreo^g, ilLil^w-j^rnTLWM >K>f fMUKKtCWiTHil MIIIIHII1IHII wcm naeta !wmt , mimiiTi **** *u Ktm HHtCJlt T*»U|L Introducing two advanced hand held frequency counters incorporating many unique features usually found only on laboratory bench counters. These counters are designed for virturally every measurement application from DC through Microwave Including measuring RF transmission frequencies at the maxi- mum possible distance. The UTC 3000 does all of this and is also the world's first Hand Held universal counter timer with Period, Time Interval, and Ratio measurement capability. • 10 Digit LCD Display with Gate, Function, and Input Annunciators. • Direct count (1 Hz resolution in 1 Sec) to over 150 MHz. • 16 Segment Bargraph displays Input Signal Level. Ensures reliable counting, proven effective in locating concealed transmitters. • High Accuracy, 1 ppm 10 MHz Crystal Time Base is standard with optional 0.2 ppm TCXO available. • More usable Sensitivity than in any other counter for efficient antenna pick up measurements. • Four push button selectable Gate times. • Hi-Cad botfery pack and AC adapter-charger included. In addition. The Model UTC3000 features: • In addition to Frequency, additional Functions Include: Period, Ratio, and Time Interval and Average, • Single Shot Time Interval 100 ns, ,1 ns averaged. « Two input channels with High Impedance and 50 ohm input ee laoaao Also Available from Optoelectronics, 8 Digit LEO Hand Held Frequency Counters: Model 2210 10 Hz - 2.2 GHz General Purpose Audio to Microwave $219 Model 1300H/A 1 MHz - 1.3 GHz RF Counter . $169 Model CC6 Relative RF Signal Strength Bar Graph Meter With 10 Segment LED Display S99 Model 2600H S325 Model UTC 30OO $375 Model TCXO-3C- S8Q Model TA100S Telescoping Whip Antenna ..•'■$'"12 ^ OPTOELECTRONICS IMC. 5821 N.E. 14th Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33334 1-800-327-5912 • FL (305) 771-2050 • FAX (305) 771-2052 CIRCLE 195 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD > ■o 3) CO CO O 85 J Mill Ord-ir E]fc1renrci-Wfl4lfl*HH ameco ELECTRONICS 24 Hour Order Hotline 415-592-8097 SIP & SIMM MODULES Pan No. Function 51 2 v ' " ■ I3M P& -2 1 COns 2.55X x 9 SIMM [2 each] ... 2VEGHT IBWPM 1 Mns 1 MEG 1 9 SIMM (2 ejch) . 41256A9A10 262,144x9 tOOrs 25CK i 9 SIP |Hjs leads) I125CA9BCO 262,144X9 50ns 256K x 9 SIMM ,_ 42 S0OOA6B, 1 a 1 ,04857C|S totms 1 MEG i S SIMM _ 12 1000A9A-BO 1 .048.571x9 10ns 1 MEG 1 9 SIP (His Lsjdsl 42 <0O0A9B. 60 1 .048.576x9 flOl* 1 MEG x 9 SIMM ' Update lor Mwkjl S5. 50Z ana 60 Price ..99 95 369.95 ...44.95 49 95 .. 109.95 =24 95 . 119.95 7400 Pinna. l-» OP* 7400 7402 7404. 7405. . . 7406. 7407 .. . 7408 7410 7411 7414 7416 7417 7420.. . 7427 7430...... 7432- 7438 7442 . . 7445 7448—. 7447 7473- .29 .19 .29 .19 .29 .19 .35 25 .39 .29 39 .29 ,35 .25 .29 19 .35 .25 .49 .39 35 .25 35 .25 .29 .19 .29 .19 .29 .19 39 .29 .39 29 .49 .39 75 .65 .89 .79 .89 .79 39 29 PJrtHG.. 7474 7475. 7476 7483 7485. 7466. 7469 7490 7493 7495 74107.-.., 74121 74123 74125 74147.-.. 74150.... 74161 ... 74154... 74151..... 74174 74175 . 74193 . 39 . .49 .45 ,59 . ,65 . ,45 2.25 . .49 .46 59 . .29 . .39 , .49 . .49 . 1.99 . 1.35 . .39 1.35 .69 .59 . .59 . .79 19 .29 .311 ,39 1.89 1.25 .29 125 .59 .49 .49 .69 74LS 74LS0O 26 Mt 74LS139 49 .39 74L502 28 IN 74LS151 .... .49 .39 74LS03 28 18 74LS153 ... .49 39 74LSQ4 28 1R 74LS154 1.29 1.19 74LS05 28 ,1ft 74LS157 ... .45 35 74LS06 59 .49 74LS161 - .49 23 74LS07 59 .49 74LS163 ._ .49 39 74LSOB 38 18 74LS164 . . .59 .49 74LS09 28, .18 74LS165 75 .65 74LS10 26 m 74LS166 89 .79 74LS11 29 .19 74LS173 45 35 74LS14 49 39 74LS174 59 .29 74LS20 26 in 741S175 -. .39 .29 74L521 .29 19 74LS191 .... ,69 .49 74LS27 35 .25 74LS192 69 .59 74LS30 28 .18 74LS193 69 59 74LSS2 28 18 74LS194. . . ... .69 .59 74LS38 35 .25 74LS221 69 .59 74LS42 49 39 74LS240 - .69 .49 74LS47 ..... .85 .75 74LS24I 69 .49 T4LS73 39 23 74L5244 59 .49 74LS74 35 25 74L5245 79 .69 74LS75. 39 ■K 74US257 49 39 74LS76. 39 ,K> 74LS259 ... .99 .69 74LS63 55 45 74LS273 89 ,79 74LSS5 55 4ft 74LS279 49 39 74LS86 59 19 74LS357.. . . .49 .39 74LS90 .49 .39 74LS373 ... .79 .69 74LS93 .49 39 74LS374 _. .79 .69 74LS123 .... .49 39 74LS393 - .89 .79 74LS125 .49 39 74LS541 .... 1.29 1.19 74LE13S 49 .39 74LS66B 2 39 2 29 74S/PROMS' 74S0O -..- . .25 74S188 - 1.49 74504 25 745169 1.49 74SJ2 25 745240 139 74S74 25 74S244 99 74S112 ,25 74S287* 1.49 74S124 1.25 74S288' 1.49 74S138 „ 49 745373. 99 74S153 29 74S374 99 74S163 75 74S387 1 1,29 74S174 . „ ... .. 29 74S472- 2.95 74S175 . 39 74S571' 2.49 CD-CMOS CD4001 19 CO 4051 59 CD4002 19 CD4052 59 CD4007 19 CD4053 59 CD401I - 19 CD4060 55 CD4012 ... .25 CD4066 29 CD40I3 ... .29 CD4069 .25 C040I5 29 CD4O70 29 CC4016 29 CD4017 .49 CD4018 CD402O CD4021 CD4024-. CD4027 CO4028 CD4029 CD4030 49 59 49 45 35 49 69 ., . 35 CD4073 CD40B1 CD4093 CD4094 CQ4503 C0451 1 CD4518 19 19 35 89 .39 JS3 75 .85 C0452O 69 CO4042 49 CD4522 75 C04D43 59 C0452B 69 CD4046 65 C04538 79 CD4047 65 C04543 79 CD4049 .29 C04584 .49 CD4050 .29 CD4535 . 69 MICROPROCESSOR COMPONENTS NECV20& V30 CHIPS Replace the 8088 or 8086 In Your IBM PC and Pinna. li"=»»" "» Spwil by up to 30% p , la „ UPD70108-5 (5MHI) V20 Clllp UPD70108-8 ISMHz) V20 Chip ... UPD701GS-10 (lOMrlzj V20 Chip. UPD70116-8 (BMrtz) V30 Chip ... UPD70116-10 (10MHz) V30 Chip. ...5.25 ... 6.95 ..10.95 ...7.95 ..13.49 Z30, Z80A, ZSOB, SEHIES Z80 t.25 Z80A, . . ZBOACTC Z80A-0ABT 139 165 495 Z80APIO, Z80A SIO.O. . 1.69 3.95 2.75 Z80BCTC... . ZBOB-PIO 395 3.95 8031 395 80C31 8.95 8035 1.25 8039 1.59 80B0A 1.95 8085A 1.95 8086 3.95 8087 (5MHi) 8087-1 |I0MH:|. ...89,95 . 169,95 8087-2 [BMHz) 129 95 8088 (5MHzl 4.95 8068-2 18MHz).... 6.95 8155 2.49 8000 SERIES Part Ho. Continued Price 8155-2 8IC55 6205 B2C11 8212 E216 8224 8228 B237-5 . 8243 8250A 8250B (F« IBM) 8251A 8253 8253 5 82C535 8254....- 8255A5 82C55A 5 8256 8259 5 8272 6274. 82795 6262 B264A ...3.75 .4.25 ...9.95 .6 95 ...1.99 ...139 ...1,49 . 1.49 .. 4.25 .1.95 ...4,95 5.95 . 1.95 .. 1 89 ... 1.95 ...3 95 .. 4 95 ... 2.95 ...4 49 . 1 1 .95 .. 2.25 ..3 49 ... 4.75 ...2.95 ...2.95 ... 1 .95 STATIC RAMS Part Ho. Function £016- 12 2102 2112 2 'UN 2114K2L 21C14. 5101 fltlP-1 S1I6P-3 611W.P-1 E1I61P3 6264P-iO S2MPI5 C26tlp.1i} C2E41P.12 CZSttP-lS C514 43256-111 432561H. 6225&LP I U 62256LP.12 SS256LP 15 204U.U 1024H 256X4 102414 102414 1024n4 256x4 2046x6 2-ne.s 2345xB 2C4SiS 6192i6 6192x6 6192i! 6192x8 6192x9 l[H4x4 32759JS 32,7CSxC 32,7CCxC 92,74S>4 32.768»« 120ra — .. 350ns 450ns MOS... 450ns 200ns LC* P 2Hans|CMOS) .- .. 450ns (CMOS) ... . HWns |1CK) CMOS . . IJOra HSrC) CMOS IMns (UK) LP CMOS 150ns (1(H) LP CMOS IMns (64K) CMOS litre (S«q CMOS*.- -.- icons (HK) LP CMOS 120ns (641!) LP CMOS.. .... 150ns (6«) IP CMOS 35CnsCMOS_. 10Jns(25t>!)Ltrr»Pci»«l. 150nS(2iCK)Li»Pt»ei.. 10MS(25B<)LPCMOS... l2!ra(25Si!)lPCMOS. 150155(2561!) LP CMOS... Piles .....2.95 ...... JS .-..2.49 -.99 ... 1.49 49 ■?S -.319 . J.79 5 59 -.319 6.75 4.95 -.695 .6 49 -4 95 .3 25 10.95 9.95 1195 ....1125 ... 1095 DYNAMIC RAMS TM5M161! 7MS4416 15 4116-15 4126-15 4164-1M 4164-120 4164 150 41256-60 41256-60 41256 -SOD 41256-120 41256-150 41254 32 414(4 -M 4I4C4-12 4S4C415 51253 10 511000P-60 5I1COOP'1D 51425CP10 51425C10 16.364x4 16.364x4 16364x1 131.U72X1 G5.536I1 65.53611 65.536it 262,14411 262.144x1 262.14411 262,144x1 202.144x1 5JX<4 65536x4 05536x4 6SJ36X4 262.144x1 1.048576x1 I. MS.376U 262,144x4 262,144X4 120ra.- _ 150ns 150rs (MM5290N-2(„ 150ns IPranybacx) 100ns— 120ns 150ns-,- 60ns ..5.95 ,.5.49 ...1.09 ...4.49 ,..2.75 -.239 -.215 .525 IMns... 120ns. 150ns. IMns V«d»fl*M... 120115... 150ns... 103ns SUIicColurnn eons (1 Meg) lDu*a(lM&g) 10Srs(lMesj.- " ■ S;jl.c Column 175 3.15 2.95 2.59 .. 10.95 .5 95 ...3.95 3.59 8.95 12 95 ..1235 -12.95 .26.95 EPROMS TMSS51I TMS3532 TMS2532A TI4S2564 TMS271S 1702A 2706 2716 2716-1 27C1S 2732 2732A20 27C32 27C4-2S 2764A-20 2764A25 27C64-15 27126-20 27128-25 27128*15 2r'23A20 27C 121-25 27256-15 27256,20 27256 21 27C256 15 27C25625 2751225 2JC512-15 27C5 12-25 27C01015 66764 66766-35 2048x8 4096x9 4M6X6 8192x8 2048x0 25b6 1024x8 20tSx! 2046x8 2041x1 405CiO 4096x6 4096x1 »1S2x» 6192x1 6192X6 6192x5 16.384x6 16384x8 16384x5 15.034x6 15384x8 32.763x8 32.768x8 32.768x8 32.763x8 32.768x8 65536x8 55,536X3 65536x1 450ns |25V) 4501SI25V tSOns 1125V). 2Mra [125V1. 25015 121V) CMOS. 153ta|12.5Vi 20Sns[l2iV) 25*5 1 125V) ._ 15D4SI12.5VICMOS.. 250ns (125V I CMOS 250nsl12 5Vl.. . 150ns (12 5VI CMOS. 260ns 125V) CMOS 131,072i8 15DBS (12 5V| CMOS (I Meg) .1995 3192x3 64K450rsi25Vl ICho EnaWe] _.— 1495 8192x8 64K 350ns (25V1 (CUW ErotJe)... 1595 EEPROMS 2E16A-25 2048x8 250ns (9V 15V) 5V Read Wine 5.49 2817A 2048x8 350ns SV Head/Write .;....6.95 2864A 8 1 92x8 250rk5 5V Bead/Writ* [Pm i . wa WBl 1 95 2865A 8,192x8 250ns 5V HcsdiWrlte 10.95 8000 SE HIES COfltiniwd Part Ho. Price 8286 .... 2.29 8741 9.49 6742 .. 14.95 8748 (2517) 8748H (HMOS)(21V .... 7.95 ... 9.95 8749,...„ ....9.95 8751 H (3.512MHz) ., 34.95 8755 B028E-10 £10MKz)LCC 29.95 80267-3 (5MHz) 109.95 60267-8 (8MHz) 209.95 80287-10 11 OMHzl. 23995 80385-1 6 PGA 259.95 80387-1 6 (16MHz). 349.95 60387-20 (20MHz). 399.95 80387-25 (25MHZ1 . 82284 IBMHl] .499.95 82288 (SMHz) ....695 DAT* AcauiSllICK ADC0804LCN ...,3.25 ADC080SCCN ....5.49 ADC0809CCM 3.75 ADC1205CCJ-1 ... 19.95 AV-3-1015O 4.95 6500/6800 68000 Series Part Ho. 6502 2.19 5S02A 2.59 65C02(CMOS|.... 6.95 6520 1 .59 6522 2.95 65C22 4.25 6532 6551 65C802(CMOS!... 6800 6902 6808 6310 13820 6821 6BH21 6840 6845 6850 6852 MC68O00L8 MC68000L10 MC68008P8 MC68010L10 MC68020RC12B.. MC68450L10 MC68701 MC68705P3S MC687051J3S MC68881RC16A.. MC6888 1RC20A.. .... 2.69 ..15.95 .... 1.75 .... 2.95 .... 2.49 ....1.25 ....2.75 ..,.1.75 ....235 ....3.49 ....2.75 ,,..1.75 75 ....9.95 11 55 — 8.49 .. 19.95 ..5995 .. 29.95 .. 19.95 ..15.95 ..17.95 129.95 159.95 Commodore WD1770 8-95 SI3052P 99 6504A 6510 5526 6526A 6545-1 6560 ..1 19 — 14.95 .. 13.96 — 14.95 3.95 . ..6.95 6567 6572 6581 (12V) 8502 — 24.95 6.95 ... 12.95 7.95 8564 2.95 8701 8722 - 995 8.95 82SI0OPLA" 31065405 -1595 9.95 32557201 1795 93122501 15.95 90122601 1595 901227-02 4.95 901227-03 1595 90122905 15.95 901460-03 1.95 90148606 2S5 'Ho specs avallabto "NOle: 52S100PLA - J17 |C 64) MISC. COMPONENTS 74C/CMOS 74CC0. 25 74CI71 .. SH 74032 — 25 74C17S 39 74C04.. J25 .... 25 74C192 W 74CM... 74C194... . 49 74C10 —.19 74C221 .... 179 74C14..... ...49 74C240., .. m 74C32.,, ....45 74C244... 740373-... 149 74C74..._ — .49 149 74C65.... 179 74C374_. 1.49 74C86.. 29 74C9H... 74C912-. ^95 74C83.. ... 295 .735 74C90._ — 99 74C315— -1.19 74C151 ... 1.7! 74C917 395 74C154... ...2.95 74C920.... 395 74G157- ..1.49 74C921 .3.95 74C160. 49 74C922.. . -395 74C161 49 74C923. 3S5 .49 74C925 .. . 74C926 4« 74C173 .... 49 -595 TANTALUM CAP AC [TORS TM.1 .1uP@ 35V 19 | TM4.7 4.7m.) @ 35V-. .45 TM1 Hil@35V 19 TM6.8 6.8ul<2) 35V... 59 TM2.2 2.2nr@35V 25 I TM10 10nli335V 69 POTENTIOMETERS values available (Insarl ohms Inlo space marked *XX"): 50011. IK. 2K. 5K. 10K. 20K, 60K, 100K. 200K, 1MEG 43PXX 3-4 wai.i5Tum .99 l63PXXi,2wan.itum .69 TRANSISTORS AMD DIODES PN2222 13 1 PM29D7 13 2N2222A 29 2N4401 „. .15 2N3055. 69 1N270 25 2H3904 12 I 1M751 15 1N4004 10 1N4148 07 1N473S 25 CISliB: 49 SWITCHES JMT123 SPOT, cxvcn 1.25 I 205,6 5P5T. 16-fwi DIP 1.19 MPC121 EPrjT,CXvQgX>i 1.25 | MS102 SPSr, llomintary .39 D-SUB CONNECTORS DB25P MiJe.25-(iin ,69 I 0BSSS Female. 2S-pm .75 XC209RT1.Rfid. . XC556Rtln.U»d.., LEDS .151 XC556G T1X'. Green. . .13 XC556Y7"", Tellnw.. IC SOCKETS 8LP 14LP 16LP. 24LP 28LP 40LP., SqhJi.ull S'jndirt (Goia 4 lln) 4 Hrtd^ Plufl Socfc«l> XJio AxaJihla Wlie Wrap (Geld) Level 12 8WW 49 14WW 65 16WW 69 24WW 1.19 28WW 1^9 40WW, 74HC HI-SPEED CMOS nmm. 74HC00.... 74HC02.... 74HC04.... 74HC08.... 74HC10.... 74HC14- 74HC30 — 74HC32.... 74HC74.... 7JHC75.... 74HC78.... 74HC85 .. 74HC88 74HC123- 74HC125- 74HC132.. 74HC138.. 74HC139.. 74HC154.. 74HC163- 74HC174.. P»<=e 19 19 19 19 19 29 25 25 .. .29 35 35 55 29 59 .... .49 49 45 .... S3 ...1.49 39 59 74HC240 - -J39 74HC245 79 49 74HC373 59 74HC374 89 74HC595 1.29 74HC688 1.49 74HC943 695 74HC4040 79 74HC4050 29 74HC4060 69 74HC4511 99 74HC4514 1.79 74HC453S — 1.19 74HC4543 1.19 74HCT-CMOS TTL 74HCTU0 .. 74HCT02 74HCT04. 74HCT08 ... 74HCT14 . 74HCT32 . . 74HCT74. 74HCT86- 74HCT13B.. 74HCT139 . 74HCT157- 74HCT174 . 74HCT175. 74HCT240 . 74HCT244 ., 74HCT245 . 74HCT373 . 74HCT374 . LINEAR Psrl No. 1-9 10+ .69 59 TL07ICP TL072CP 79 TL074CN 99 TL081CP 59 .49 TL082CP 59 -49 TL084CW .99 -B9 LM307N .45 .39 LM308N 65 .59 LM309K 1.49 I.2S LM310N 1.49 1.25 (M111N 49 .39 LM317T 69 .59 LM318N 1.09 .99 LM319M 1-29 1,19 LW323K 3.49 3.25 LM324N 39 .35 LM335Z 1.49 1.25 LM336Z 1.09 .99 LM337T 1.29 1.09 LM338K 4.49 4.25 LM339N 49 .39 LF347N 1,49 1,25 LM346N 69 .59 LF351N 49 .39 LF353N 59 49 LF356N. LF357N. LM35SN 59 LM380N .89 LM385Z1.2 1.75 LM335N-3 89 LU393N .45 LF398N 1.95 1.75 IF411CN 79 .69 LF412CN 1.29 1.19 .89 .79 -11 .79 1.49 ,79 3s NI-555V XRL555 .. LU556N ... LM565N - LM56SCN LM567V,. LM723CN LM741CN 35 LM747CN 59 LM145BN 39 LM148BN 49 35 .29 .75 .65 49 .39 .99 .89 1.29 1.19 75 65 .49 EarLHtv _L2 mt DSI4C88N LU1489N DS14C89N LM1496N LU1871N LM1S72N ULN2003A ULN2004A 26LS29 26LS31 26LS32 26LS33 ULN2803A LM2901N LM2907N LM2917N(8pin) MC3470P MC3479P MC3465P MC34S7P LM3900N „. LM3905N LM3909N Lt.'3914N ME5532 NE5534 780SK 781 2K 781 5K 7805T 7812T 781ST 78L08 7905K 7905T 75113 75150 , 75154 75174 75175 , 75176 75451 75452 _ 75492 MC145406P 1.19 1.09 49 .45 1.19 1.09 .69 59 1.95 1-75 1.95 1.75 .79 £3 .79 .69 2.95 2.75 t.19 .99 1.19 .99 1-75 1.49 1.19 .99 .39 .29 1.29 1.19 1.75 1.49 1.29 1.19 3.95 3.75 1.29 1.19 1.29 1.19 ,49 .45 1.29 1.19 .89 .79 1,95 1.75 .89 .79 .89 .79 1.29 1.19 1.29 1.19 1.29 1.19 .49 ,45 .49 .45 .49 .45 .35 .29 1.49 1.25 .55 49 1.39 1.19 .1,29 1.19 .129 1.19 .2,95 2.75 .2.95 2.75 .2.25 195 . .45 .39 . .45 ,39 . .89 .79 ,2.95 2.75 PARTIAL LISTING ■ OVER 4000 COMPONENTS AND ACCESSORIES IN STOCK! • CALL FOR QUANTITY DISCOUNTS RAMs ARE SUBJECT TO FREQUENT PRICE CHANGES 86 CIRCLE 114 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD Now Available... Jameco's NEW Flyer 142 with 48 pages of Computer Peripherals & Morel cilloscope Probes x1 fstio enuation pacitance l80):180pF 3F:(LFS10) Fl 17pF 180 40M Hi Oscilloscope Probe $19. 9S !10 lOOMHiOscilloscope Probe $29.95 — — — — — — — : — — ; — TEST EQUIPMENT IdStar 20MHz Oscilloscope d 1GKz Frequency Counter •High GS7020 roe 6" rectangular display sitivity; 1 mV/drv 7020 Cytoscope $399,95 We measuring range ■ Measured ■e how function 7101 Frequency Counter $299.95 Prototype Design Stations WM1 & WM2 Features: • Removable solderless bread- board ■ Variable and fixed DC power supply ■ Multi- frequency signal generator * Analog multimeter ■ a bicol- or LED* (red & green) • 8 logic switches • Logic probe * Lighted power switch ■ Fuse overload protected ■ Slurdy ruggedized case WMf Special Features: - 4 potentiometers - Built-in speaker WM2 Special Features: - Putse Generator ' Binary coded decimal (BCD) to 7-segment decoder/driver » OB25 connector • Frequency counter (1Hz to 1MHi) WM1 Analog Prototype Station.... $199.95 WM2 Digital Prototype Station $249.95 f—\ h MOTHERBOARDS 20MHiM6 0nly5i».«! ■ AHW/0KRAM JE3520 PlclurM JE1001 JjmtcoJ 77 IMHi KM IPCtfTI $89.95 JE3005 JjTKoSjh! -SUhi !)2!4 i*Ti .... $199,95 JE3010 j awn bud i i emh; kkbs :K T , .... $299.95 | JE301 1 jimttu Bib) j-iohhi wm t»n .... $389.95 ' JE3025 *mi Bibr aiMK; io3!6 $1199.95 J JE3026 am Fit Sut mtm> ami $1899.95 JE3028 Mt f»i &ie jjwhi jojk $2299.95 JE3520 jirou iiby jomhi nut ... $629.95 JE3525 jimKbBib)25MHiSti3ic $1199.95 JE3533 Jarastn Babj 33UHi 1MB* $1699.95 jmetheus 9600 Baud 'dein )0E E .rami 9KB Bum.... $699.95 I 0B inMmal -1-.2 Biud $49,95 | 0B ngmil itco e«n $99.95 fetex Digital Multimeters lex General Specs: ^mb| indheld. hioti accuracy ! DC Voltags. AC'OC rent. Resistance. Diodes. j|**! itinulty. Transistor riFE anuat ranging ^'overload raclion M465B ■ i * i\ 650, 36508 i M4SSO only: so measure Frequency and capacitance 650 only: • Data Hold Switch -4,5 Digit 610 3.5 Dqii Mnilmeter S49.95 650 3.5 Cgii Multimeter w.Frequency & Capasiurioa ....$69,95 650 B SameuM3«Saweirsraph„. I $74.9S 650 4 s Diflii ^.Frequency. Capaotar« mi Data Hold Sum $99.95 IBM Compatible JE3I!1J Cases and Power Supplies JE1030 »c£^^r^ JE1 010 v:t-x Standard PGflCT C sse ....$39.96 1 JE1030 -KwaEPC-X'^afce-Sutth.. „ 559,95 1 ... S89.S5 .113955 JE2011 VEr-LGiClMWSKW fttf Suppy.... ., JE2012 WnVirx*C*M*»?WPft'SoDPi- JE20 1 4 Fip-Top Biy xr Tuto Case .«_....-. .3249,95 ...SM9.95 ....$68.96 ... vast 1 EGA & Multiscan Monitor Packages Casper 14" EGA monitor and EGA card package (720 x 350 max, resolution) JE1059 EGA Monitor * EGA Card $459.95 Relisys 14" Multiscan monitor and EGA card package (800 si 600 max, resolution) JE2057 Multiscan Monitor & EGA Card $559.95 IBM PC/XT/AT Compatible Keyboards JE201 7 JE2015 04-Key Standard AT Style Layout $59.95 FKB4700 101 -Key Enhanced layoul Willi 12 I u'icUri Keys $69.95 JE2016 1 1 1 -Key Enhanced wilh SoFar Powered Calculator $79.95 JE2017 104-Key Enhanced wllh Trackball (Miwosrjlt Compatible! ....$99.95 ART. EPROM Programmer j - Programs all current EPROMs in the 2716 to 27512 range plus the X2864| EEPROM • RS232 port ■ Software incl. EPP $179.95 t ■ " " ' '. ' -' '■■' ~ t/VP EPROM Eraser f ■ Erases all EPROM's • Erases 1 Chip in 15 Min. and 8 chips in 21 min. • UV intensity: 6800 UW/CM 2 DE4 $69.95 1 T — " t: PROTOTYPING PRODUCTS ameco Solderless Breadboards JEfcr n Dim. Contact Binding L" i w Pelna .21 3.25 II 2.125 400 «.95 23 6.5xJia5 830 $6.35 24 6.5x3 185 1,360 2 S12.95 :25 6 5x4.25 1.660 3 $17,95 28 6,87515.75 2.390 i $28.95 27 7.85 1 7 5 3.220 4 $32.95 3.5" and 5.25" Floppy Disk Drives MPFIl Piciured , : Sony MPF11 3 5- 720Kb Inlernal Dnue.... S49.95 I SMK 5.2S- InslaUaSon Kit w.'Faceplale .. $1 4.95 j TEAC FD55B 5^5 - 36CKoHaiiHi $89.95 I FD5SG 5.25-i5MbHaitHi. $99.95 Soldering and Desoldering Stations 60 Watt Analog Display Soktenrwg Station * Electronic lemperature control from 800" to 878°F ■ Cartridge heating element tor a longer life of the soldering tip XY1683 , $59.95 60 Watt Analog Display Soldering Station ■ Electronic temperature control from 200" to 878*F * Ceramic heating element for a steady temperature and long life XY2660 $89.95 60 Watt Digital Display Soldering Station • Electronic temperature control from 200° to 87fl a F ■ Temperature displayed on easy to read .560" H 3-digit LED readout • Nictirome heating element XY960 $99.95 30 Watt Electronic Temperature Controlled Desotdenng Station ■ Electronic lemperature coniral from 212" to B42°F > Self- contained high rotary vacuum pump XY999 S279.95 Mitsubishi MF3538 3i-72t»a) Han H»gm ...$99.95 MF355B j.r 1.44Mb Hill HaigM $119.95 =U t: Hard & Hard/Floppy Disk Controller Cards MBI HJiATlopTJ JILL KiotTlqw Computet Type iffenrn j 1 1 «EI«(*Ty«8 82:1 ■ KK«|*r>atai:1lnHrtMv. 1 ~^^Z Pan No. i Price I Part No. / Prlci lOMMmm ss 1003VMM"S1»95 l«BVSRIfl1*9! 1006VUUIJ5I1S.3J l0O6V5fll*l«SSS Part Ho. Price inMVMHWua a lOOavuMZities gs Part NO. I Prlc* imsvsestaMi ■sffivsRii-s; si 55 Shore-way Road ilmont. CA 94002 ' Hour Order Hotline ('Its) 592-8097 IX'S (415) 592-2503 or (415) 595-2664 ilex 176043 -Ana. Bac'-s: Jameco Blmt its Sheets ■ 50c each Hid $2.00 Posfag* lor a FREE SO-Page Catalog 1990 Jameco Electronics 4190 V! is a registered trademark ol ernationai Business Machines VISA' i 0>cfcr EioclroAict'Woridw'dt ameco ELECTRONICS Z? 24-Hour Order Hotline (415) 592-8097 ' Customer Service 550.00 Minimum Order - U.S. Funds Only CA Reslaents Add 6%, $.5% or 7% Sales Tax I Shipping - Add 5% plus $1 .50 Insurance I (May vary according to weight and shipping method] | Teems: Prices subject \o change withoul notice. [ We are not responsible lor typographical errors. We reserve Iherighl lo substitute manutacturers. Items sub|ecs to availability and prior sale Products pictured may only be representalive. Complete list □! termsvwarraniies is available upon request The Following Services Are Also Available Through (415) 592-8097 From 7AM - 5PM P.S,T.: Technical Assistance • Credit Department * All Other Inquiries J ':'"■""•':'"■ . '■ CIRCLE 1 14 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD > o 87 DighKey—1 soo-344-4539, UCORPORATIONU AK. Puerto Ri cn - 21 B 681 6674 FAX - 218-6ai-33BD TWX - 9103! 7*0 UK non MOW INTI- GRATED CIRCUITS 74LSJ*M1 " •■: ~ 7 "-I H 74LSJ&7N msmm nunm <|5JIJUI HLS371* HLJ.174H Hlll.'G* IHHM J.1LS9EM ULU'M illlllfc INTEGRATED CIRCUITS SILICON TRANSISTORS Ml IN » t*2QH F4HH !« r 42» j: 71 K» :l. 7437* J5 H3J1 M :i]lH ■3 II Mm j*4j* r**tM ii r*j7A, 74FHH TJHtlh E3 H 1 H US f* II SAB U!-]lh M rii»;h i.cj r«ZSlF| ; *3t*r. ■:: mm 70 7«H* .70 714104; .70 TSiSl* H Fftsn k 7M14 * Jfl m(T> I Kb 7&il» MI 7 S* IIS I: II 7*i50]ti H15C4* 7*150 M WSMN 7 4LSC Hi 741 5 LM ^ J 44.1 H* ^ii'L'i .'■! ^T-: 1 ! 7ii3l'lH J4157&1I 74I5J7M Hisitji 74LHM 7*151 74 i*«MK__ ruui 7l':IS'.«l 7liSSSA 74:JrJM T4LS74JUI 74LSIJK 74151 g.'M ?4Li1E3JH uuim T4LS3X1M 74151 7S4M riDllOrth I4LS13I.H 74L9.13U 74151 ja« 741515IX J4151S3H JILSlilb PANASONIC Sll SERIES 74i57^ 7*10H 74L^4* 34SCH '4flH r45v\ Hf-Vt ■ 1ZK\ MilH JISJOH utm '41VV 7*5Hfc H56WP Hir*H 7*11 1 Jh 3*51 1 3N 7451 1 4, N 74S133H 7iSil» 7<;ijih 3451 3W 741UM bl 7451 ill 7441 m 7441S7H M3-.lHi 745-f.H 745 tjv 74S!J:ii 74111 741 IKK r4llJlh /win j*s:*3h 3*57"* /4S7S1N J4S)/1JH HJJbiN HJ?UN 7*5il3N 7 453I3H 74JII7H wim 71513 31. 7451 34 U .45 31.., 74U7J*. 7454 73* ?4S4 74« 74J4 7SN j'4Ss7Ml 74S57rm 745S77H 74Si7J!» FHC 74CC41 ia mc-c* « :*C!4V 74L7D* 11 J4C3D* it JtCHN r*C*?H iai '■'L'Ml HE73M fl! MCW U 74TJJU 7"4tl3H in -■ i : » e h 74C-IU H J4in»i 1 ■:■: HiKH 74C1N 73 74EHJ7K Hcssfn ricifin ^4:il^^ JiCIIM Ifn, 7*tiKw .n mnih 13 7*CHTfr 13 3iEH31 13 7*J11M 34C14SM 74i17Ji Ih S*j in JSS rtCIHH SI ^cn«n is JtLIDM I TS 3-tEBDIH 11 tttvtn l 1 ; MEfDH I 33 74LS03* 7 IS 74U1SM I El 7*aim ic*i 744tl» 13 41 74C414B tl )4c4IU 1 ■ : 74CJI7H mi 7411-ISl |H •iaiin *n imjvi 1 1 : 74a3i* tit riCITW 131 74EI7rh 131 -j.l:::>. TWX - 91O3S0B9B2 DIGI KEY CORP DISC CAPACITORS Ml 41JE'!:« l« TIKCDD 4S37K4 93 4«W*I M 41I1ITCM 7| 4j?j*yj IS 74KM« 74K144 ■ L'347K 74rflT!Cll .'- Lrum >■?. J*HCJ.'*J : : Lrjs» Vi ■a«:::<. LP 3111 ITU i*«C)i* 71 HHC^H ' L'UMl ^1 7;*iC73» i-i L'»H 1 If. .!J<.«' ■r. IP4HC4I ■ u ttmiyi Lf4-;3Ls 1 M 74HE7EK ■ :■ 74»CIS4f /-, wium 1 1.1 74FUGI 74<1D7^ VJ LHiiial 1 n :*-:\r-.X 74K117A M IUJ4.C7 L3J 74^1711 5* itil'Ai IK rJKl7=N J; IlLKHPit E> l! H am IUJ46* '*S .■I'll- id 74K3MH :;■"?■'. 74K13JN 'Li Ffl LH34B1P LM3)lh LU3i:r ■ jb -I'Ji 74Nt5;tl rwwi 74KJ 1*3*1 ■ PI ■ V te .UJ1CH iuiicw 1 .U!i-S ■.Mum 145 ib; a- ■ji iuurn i.tii3:n n MHUOI ■ u LM1I34 11 rjHcutm •■:; LU3S1P :i; 74>C*S3t« ■ !!'. mm* : : ■: 2 4DDD CMOS IMVJf.n LM1SSCK - :\ ^rE ptlH LHSSSPI LID 4; ; ji|[ii ^:-;srn !■: LUlEECri LM117CPI 1 ■!■ 40D7CFt ;i 4DDSCX Bi L*l7;3tl( 7^ 4335E*i h 44J147CFI JJ H E.U741CK ■ 441 7IC* 4PHBC* 40 niu 4fl!DBEPt J.Q7IKH *:?7ici 4373Kft *PI*ki UliSC* HHK* *37IICh 4079IEK 4P3KH 4031 1 *P34ICH *03SICk 4D40SCFI 40I1EN IDHBCXJ *D*1IClt iLQiElCh 4DI1CH *DS09Ch iLLlllflE* 42 TrlC* iftSKN 4HEIC"» *Sl|*tk JPiSii "(J 7114177 7 3D :»itI3i 111 7H&4M 31 7W44J1 J 1. uuu im O Q *nt — mM&tLC*nL**rrviarrii*i*ll*»* wmn uKDEiimi, i* pmoki. »u i tiom^sji :i jo 4999 99 CIRCLE 82 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD •QUALITY PARTS •DISCOUNT PRICES •FAST SHIPPING M.L ELECTROniCS CORP. 12 VOLT DC MINI FAN Howard Irxkiscnes* 3-15-B10. Opoalaeon l2Vdc 0.10 imp. 1.0 wait, Compact p'ttiac housing. 2.35" square X 1 .275" Unit*. 9 W*dfl fan. Two IT pifltul leads CAT# CF-121 S9.00 each 115 VAC COOLING FAN STANDARD SIZE COOLING FAN. F«mros rit cuE m*[al hoti li ng tor ttr*nglh and durability . IMPEDANCE PROTECTED 4 1 1/10" squaro X 1 \tT docp . Facury new 120 Vac rant. CFl-N 59.50 each LED CHASER KIT Build this variable speed led chaser. 10 k>ds flash sequentially at whatever speed you set them for. Easy to build kji includes pc board, parts and instructions. Ideal lor special lighting elfscts. costumes, ate. Operates on 3 to 9 volts. PC board is 5" X 2.25'. A great one hour project CAT* AEC $6.50 each STEPPER MOTOR Alrpax# A82743-M4 Brand new 12 volt dc stepper motor. 35 ohm coil. 7.5 degrees per step. 2.25' diameter, 0.93" brig excluding shaft. 0.22" dia. shaft is 0.75" bng. 2 hole mounting flange, 2.675" mounting centers. Swire leads. CAT# SMT-5 $10.00 each RECHARGEABLE BATTERY PACK (USED) Four AA nickel cadmium batteries connected in series to make a 4,8 wit pack. Batteries are in a 2X2 configuration with a 2 pin connector attached. The four batteries can be separated into single AA size solder tab nickel cacVriiuiti batteries or re soldered into other con fig u rations. SPECIAL SALE PRICE NOW $3.00 per pack * 10 packs for $25.00 CAT* NCB-41AAU T1L»9> PHOTO TRANSISTOR TO-lrj CUM wih whdwe. Fof wicH-*ng,l* Vtoirtflj ippKonbrn. SpadraJly and rnKfunhaHy aonpHJOt wUti T1L-31 Q. CAT#T1L-«* $1. DC met- « 10 ftf SO.00 TH.*3tB PHOTO DIODE TO-10HJ"' Html HnhbTtg p(v» dlodfr C*T* TIL-31B S1-00«i- ■ 10 k* SO. SWITCHES ITT PUSH BUTTON IWMDPL series. JM'* 1/2" gray rectangular key cap. S.P ST. NO. Push id dose. RATED: 0.1 amp switching, 0.55 amp carry current. P.C. mount, CAT#PB-a esceaoh • >otof K.oo 100 tor $50.00 SPOT PUSHBUTTON Marouardta 18*3 Rued 6 amps @ 125V2S0 Vat BJack plastic puahbuQOn. Switch body: S2" X 94' X 6S" CATS' PB-U J1.65M. ■ 10 for $15,00 aa PUSHBUTTON SWITCH O&'Thomsor-j 3S-c2o Q[ 5.P.S.T. rtormalry open momentary (^^ pusnbuDsn swncri. Red ptasrje actuator 0.57" diameter. Chroma l»J bezel 0.68* diameter. Threaded bushing, mounts in JO" diameter hole. Rated 3 amp 9 250Vac. Solder loop Mrmlnals. 0AT1PB-2O 11.00 each WALL TRANSFORMERS ALL PLUG DIRECTLY NTO 120 VAC OUTLET 1!Vllc»«Brr». _ CATIOCTX-ia H.50 tVjKt>, CATi FLT-J 2 lof tl.CO RELAYS S4 VDC SIP SEED RELAY BNfrgj BSS1AMA10 W Vdc, soo ohm ool.S.P^T. rw- ^ 0.5 wtd wnlictt, SB 5 oonflflurrlcft rxjtrs-XJ. CAT! RRLyslPS Sl.lQaadi ■ ■0\--J:O.M S VDC LATCHINO RELAY Ar-j-j'f F4SLJD-SV SPOT, © ■%. SVDc 570 ohm CDih. 1 amp. TTL Dompril- M. LA. atkT CSA rKcgn.i«l. o.?ar xasefxtuef CAT! LHLT-SOC 12 50 >A 12 VOLT D.C. CCHL S.P.O.T. OmrDnaOSE-ISIP ^^^^^ 33Sohm=ll U\J SUQjr cub* uzt. ^ Si- 1 12- X 4J- Mgh.Pj:. rmift w*h plnf on DIP tpadng. CAT! HLY-717 *1.50»*di 0-30 MINUTE AUTO- SHUTOFF TIMER Sankyo SoikQ MTg.f TMCF35MYB9 1 20 Vac 60 hz. 1 amp contacB). UL rated. Turn shall to turn on lights or Dinar ofacricai davlots. Bell rings and drcuit breaks after spediled amDunt of bme. IdaaE tor any device mat needs B 1.1 j! otl auEn-jKalrj. 2.02" X 1 .7 X 2.54' bahlnd lace plate, iw harf-mund shaft. CATE TMC-30 S3. 00 each PHOTO FLASH CAPACITOR Rubycont FKX 200 mfd. 330 vofts. 75' diameter X 1.11" high Sokter loop terminals. CAT* PPC-200 $3.25 each 10for$30.00 • 100for $275.00 A 22/44 PIN CONNECTOR iiiiiiiiiiiiiiuununln' .156" pin spacina. 0.200' between double rows, gold contacts. P.C. mounting. SPECIAL Same as AMPi 2-530655-6. CAT* EBC-10 SI .00 each ■ 10 for $6.00 ELECTRONIC GAME BOARD :.■ -. Tht L-inaw wortrigi o, m •(aKrfrorik: Sa-tt** o*m*, Qqv *[** on e vac, B^hj-i tt^"unitvic™«dOLit, 45 tmtlon k*KHatj. 1.4 ir-uiMtrjft. 2 I.C.'l, 1 P-JIO **t*T*fit and cttw DDOdhaL T^ arid bwom rOwd »s»TP*d bunom » lijocjton twrt, nidctkr a raw art atJphJtjttit Noi^ruc1er.iMV*lat-ttt 6"K4.4S'. CAT*ST-4 fl.75*Kii 10 for 115.00 TELEPHONE COUPUHQ THANSfOHKER Hull Productt IrtwMttfiiw A19NH01D/T Primary: boo ohm S*cond*n/: 600400 ohm rj.TT-xc-.ai'xo^a'h-aft. e p-.c. pint oa o, iflr cw,i#ri . Prinwy RTdurtanct: 300 n* ir>in, F ii lirHi f 1 w*L CATITCTX-1 S' 25o3Ci " 10 brill DO LED^S STANDARD JUMBO DIFFUSED ri-SMaaa RE O CATS LED.! M tO l« 11,50 -100 tor SI 100 WtfEH CATf LED-2 II lOIKROO-tiBlfS'TOO " YELLOW CAMLED-J 1CWS2.00 •tOOlErSIT.OO FLASHING LED Hth bell to ftKhfeg drcui /If oper— on 5 insau A BEE tl.OOt** I CATI LED-* to lor Sfl.50 W OPEEH SI. DOM* I CATI LED-40 lOforsasoll BI-POLAR LED P Ughta RED or* dtnctbn. LfTJ GREEN tie «tw. Two lead*. 11 CATS LEDa !>tw 11.70 LED HOLDER a CATS H LED 10tof6S* 10 AMP SOLID STATE RELAY ElECTROLo Sal 71 CONTRtXj PjdadS.SblDVSe (wtl oper4* en 3-32 Vdc). LOAD; 10 ■natf 2*0 Vae I1M-X1«-X7(B-. CATi SSRLY-11JB SS.S0 ea. QUANTmr DISCOUNT 10101155.00 -JS'a J! 7S 00 SOlertaOD.OOOOOfDrSSOO.DO OPTO SENSOR u •haped packae* w*h mounting «an. 'vfi"openT>g yv movtlng eve. CAT! OSU4 SOieadi IOrocH.50 • 100 lor 140.00 A.C. LINE COHDS Blade*,. 1&2, SPT.2 HOH POLARIZES PLUG CATS LCAC Star 11.00 H»I«M5.W POLART2EO PLUG DATI LCP.1 etH mca 1 DO for 150.00 CALL OR WRITE FOR OUR *uiLiatorii;sr.onp. - s jn_:j;r i -5i'33 FR 60 PAGE CATALOG OVER 4000 PARTS! OUTSIDE THE U.S.A. SEND $2.00 POSTAGE FOR A CATALOG!! ORDER TOLL FREE 1-800-826-5432 MAIL ORDERS TO; ALL ELECTRONICS P.O. BOX 567 VAN NUYS, CA 91408 L.E.P. FLASHER KIT 5K y/.. - il the pans and InavuciloiK 053* ID naM m alnple flasher dree*. A Quid and May propxt tor anyone wan basic tojoerkig sUhs. CATS UED KIT 11 .75 parka LOOK WHAT $1.00 WILL BUY /■», 200 ASSOftTED /-—. ^^ \H WATT RESISTORS ^^j BanE leads, carbofi comp, and carbon 11m. CATI ORES 11.00 per atlonmarrt 200 ASSORTED /**U>. Mi WATT RESISTORS \dD-^ Sera leads, csibon cerrp. and IHm. ' CATI QRABRE 11.00 par asaonmanl 50 ASSORTED DISC CAPACITORS Ueal an cm tp.c. laade). Seme te SO0 « n. CATI GRA6DC 11.00 per aaaonmerA Sf f? IS VALUES OF ELECTROLYTICS Coniini bein ajrlal end radial stylei Irom 1 mid. CATI ORABCP 11.00 par | LOOK WHAT $2,00 WILL BUY 13 AMP SNAP -ACTION SWITCH &p*k>m o* a lSiinv >25.250 vac iwimiiy tfmn ivritch. BodV h ISWTKSrarXW. Button trltndi y\F 4&Cv« iwtcft bodf. CATa GRABHS t?.00 par p*dt*j*j <^3» TO-« TRAKSISTOR3 20 luorltd TO-82 pL-»tlc uu ifi-,im&ni . V«vi9>ut ttyfH or NP N ind PUP. Svm laDUl* nVLPfe*3, »nM tUndaUd mavajng CATt GRTRH S2.00 pt* M*ar;rr*nl It CATt GRABSW S2.00 fm miQtXmK* INFO: (818)904-0524 FAX: {818)781-2653 MINIMUM ORDER $10.00 QUANTITIES LIMITED CALIF. ADD SALES TAX USA: $3.50 SHIPPING FOREIGN ORDERS INCLUDE SUFFICIENT SHIPPING. NO C.O.D. > o 89 CIRCLE 107 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD MICROCOMPUTER MARKETING COUNCIL DYNAMIC RAMS w o z o cc H O LU _J LU 6 Q < PART* 4164-150 4164-110 4164-100 TMS-Hfrt-15 TMS4464-1 2 T Ms -lie:- 10 41156-150 41256-120 41!56-100 41256-80 41256-60 414256-100 414256-60 1 MB-120 1 MB-100 1 MB-00 SIZE 65536x1 65MG»- 65536x1 65515x4 65536x4 65536X4 £62144x1 262144x1 262144x1 262144X1 262144x1 262144X4 262144x4 1048576x1 1048576x1 1048576x1 SPEED 150ns 120ns toons 150ns 120ns 100ns 150ns 120ns 100ns 60ns 60ns 100ns 80ns 120ns 100ns aans SIMM/SIP MODULES" PART* 41256A9B-12 41256A9B-80 421000ABB-10 421000A9B-10 421000*96-80 256KX9S1P-80 256KX9SIP-80 1MBX95IP-80 PART* HM6116LP-2 HU6264LP-15 HM62S4LP-12 HM432S6LP-12 HM4325SLP-10 SIZE 256Kx9 256Kx9 IMBxS 1MBx9 IMBxS 256KX9 256Kx9 1MBx9 SPEED 120ns BOns 100ns 100ns 80ns 80n& 60ns 60ns TYPE SIMM: PC 36.95 SIMMJFC 48,95 SIMM/MAC 109.95 SIMMffC 113,95 SIMM/PC 119.95 S1PJPC SIP/PC SIPIPC 54.95 64.95 124.95 STATIC RAMS SIZE 2048x8 819218 9192x9 32768x6 32768x6 SPEED 120ns 150ns 120ns 120ns 100ns PINS 24 5.49 28 4.65 28 6.49 28 14.95 28 15.99 MATH COPROCESSORS S-BIT COPROCESSORS 8087 8 MHE 89.95 8087-2 BMHI 129.95 80B7-1 lOMHr 169.95 1S-BST COPROCESSORS 80287 6MHz 139.95 8028T-8 8 MHz 209.95 80287-10 10 MHz 239.95 B0C2S7 12 MHz 299.95 32-BIT COPROCESSORS 80387-16 16 MHz 359.95 30337-SK 16 MHz 319.95 80387-20 20 MHz 399.95 80387-25 25 VIL 499.95 80387-33 33MHz 649.95 S YEAR WARRANTY INCLUDES MANUAL 1 SOFTWARE GUIDE 74 SERIES LOGIC 7400 T4LS00 74LS02 7404 74LS04 74S04 7406 7408 74LS0S 7432 C.P.U.'a 8000 S052AH BASIC 34.95 80S9 5.99 8250 6.95 8251 A 1.69 8253-5 1.95 8254 9.95 8255-5 249 8741 9.95 8748 7.95 8749 9-95 8755 14.95 SEOO 6SC02- 7.95 8522 2.95 V-20 V20 6.95 V20-8 8.95 ¥20-10 11.95 V30 13.95 74LS32 74LS73 7474 74LS74 74S74 74LS1 38 74LS155 74 LSI 63 74LS240 74LS244 MISC DAC0B00 3.29 1793 9.95 COMB116 8.95 MC146818 5.95 MM58167 9.95 INS8250 6.95 NS16450 10.95 LH31TT ,69 NE555 .29 LM741 .29 7805T .49 781 IT .49 75150 1.95 75154 1.95 1 441 1 9.95 CRYSTAL OSCILLATORS I.OMKz 5.95 1.8432 5,95 20.0 4.95 24.0 4.95 74LS245 74LS273 745288 74LS322 74LS367 74LS373 74LS374 74LS393 74LS682 74L5688 PALS 16R4 295 16R6 2.95 10F.3 2.95 .'III '; 4.95 20R1.S 4.95 20R6 4.95 20H8 4.85 20X8 4.95 PAL KIT AN ENTRY-LEVEL | COMPLETE PAL DEVELOPMENT KIT FROM CUPL. FULL SUPPORT FOR 16L8. 16R4, 16R6. 16R8. 20L8. 20R4, 20FS6, 20R8, ANO 20X8 MOD-M PL-SOFT 599.95 HIGH-TECH SPOTLIGHT Choosing o case for your computer is a slfolghffor- ward task. But, it's not .node eosisr by having so many choices! Nearly any case JDR sells can be used with any or our moJnsrboards. The only exceptions are "Cull size AT-type* boards which require a case capable of holding a "standard 286/386" board. Haw should you select? Begin by deciding how many disk drlvss you'll be using, Consider such variables as full or half-hepght drives. 3- 1/2" and 5-3/4' slots, and don't forget a tape back-up If it's in your plans. Next consider your power requirements- A loaded up dO&S-based computer ought ro have at least 160 watls of power. Consider at least 2Q0W for o moderately loaded 286/386 and 250W for a loaded up 286/386 system. There Is nothing more annoying than a computer that overloads on a hot summer afternoon because you decided to save $20 on a S 1 000 system I Now look ot reliability. A tower system wril almost always be more rotable because it sits on the floor out of the way and is less likely to be bumped or Jostled. It normally runs cooler too, because of better cooling characteristics due to convection. For these reasons its an especially good choice for busy networks. If you tinker with the inner workings of your equip- mentr a flip-top case may be an important considera- tion. Extension cables for Ihe keyboard & display monitor let you move your computer out of sight or harm's way. Doric k Moore. Director o( Engineering EPROMS PART* 2710-1 2732A 27H 2764-250 2764-200 27CM 27128 27128A-200 27256 27256-200 27C2S6 27512 27C512 27C1 01-20 SIZE 2048x8 4096x8 8192x8 8192x8 8192x6 9192x8 16384x8 16384x8 32768x8 32768x8 32768x8 65*36x8 65536x8 131072x8 SPEED 350ns "50-5 450ns 250ns 200ns 250ns 250ns 200ns 250ns 200ns 250ns 250ns 250ns 200ns. Vpp 25V 21V 12.5V 12.5V 12.5V 12.6V 12.5V 12.5V 12.5V 12.5V 12.5V 12.5V 12.5V 12.5V PINS PRICE 24 3.95 EPRONI ERASERS OATARASEII *39.9S ■SHIRT POCKET SIZE! ■ ALL SIZES UP TO 4 AT A TIME • ERASES MOST EPROMS IN 3 MINUTES DATABASE II SPECTRONICS CORPORATION Modtt Timer *« Chip* InlansltY (iiWICm") Unit Cost ■~ PE-140 PE-140T PE-240T PL-255T NO YES YES YES 9 9 12 30 6.000 s 89.95 8,000 S139.95 9.60O $169.95 9,600 1 8255.95 POWER SUPPLIES 135 WATT ■ XT-COMPATIBLE' UL APPROVED ■ 11D-220VSWITCH ■ ♦5V(£15A,*12V@4.2A, 5V@.5A. -12V@.5A PS-135 $59.95 PS-ISO 150W SUPPLY $69.95 PS-200X 200W supply $89.95 300 WATT ■ AT- COMPATIBLE ■ UL APPROVED ■ 1 10-220V SWITCH • +5V@20A, +12V@7A, -5V@ 5A, -12V® -5A PS-200 $89.95 PS-250 250W SUPPLY $129.95 PROTOTYPE CARDS FS-1 EPOXY GLASS LAMINATE WITH COLD PLATED EDGECAFD FINGERS AND SILK SCHEENED LEGENDS FOR XT JDR-PR1 WITH .5V ANO GROUND PLANE 27.95 JDR-PH2 ABOVE WITH WO DECODING LAYOUT ... 29.95 JDH-PR2.PK PARTS K'TFOR JDR-PR2 ABOVE 8,95 FOR AT JOR-PH16 BIT WITH UO DECODING LAYOUT 34.95 JOH.PH10-PK PARTS KIT FOR JDR-PR10 ABOVE 12.95 FOR PS/2 JDR-PR32 32 BIT PROTOTYPE CARD S9.96 JDR.RR16 1 6 BIT WITH W DECOOI NG LAYOUT 49.95 JDR-PR16-PK PARTS KIT FOR JDR-PR16 ABOVE 15.95 JDR-PR16V 16 BIT FOH VIDEO APPLICATIONS 39.95 EXTENDER CARDS SIMPLIFY PROTOTYPING AND TESTING EXT-S0B8 8-BIT FOR 9088 MOTHERBOAROS 29.95 EXT-802B6 16-BIT FOH 266)386 MOTHERBOARDS .39.95 EXT-1B MICROCHANNEL 16-BIT 69.95 EXT-32 MICROCHANNEL 32-BIT 99.95 PC BREADBOARD-OH-A-CARD • 62 BUS LINES ■ USE UP TO 24 14-PIN ICS - 1940TIE POINTS ■ DB25 D-SUB CONNECT. PDS-604 $49.95 SOLDER STATION • UL APPROVED • ADJUSTABLE HEATSETTING ' TIP TEMPERATURE READOUT ■ REPLACEMENT TIPS (912.95 168-3C _ $59.95 IC SOCKETS/DIP CONNECTORS SOLDERTAIl 8 PIN ST .11 14 PIN ST 16 Pill ST 18 PIN 5T 20 PIN ST 24 PIN ST 28 PIN ST 40 PIN ST 11 WIREWRAP 9 PIN WW .59 14 PIN WW .69 16 PIN WW .69 18 PIN WW .99 20 PIN WW 1.09 24 PIN WW 1,49 28 PIN WW 1.69 40 PIN WW 1,89 [ SOLDER-CUP D^UBS MALE FEMALE DB09P AS DB09S M DB15P .59 DB15S .69 HDB15P 1.49 HDB15S 1.S9 DB19P .69 DB19S .75 DB25P .89 DB25S .75 DB37P 1.35 DB37S 1.39 L DB50P 1.85 DB50S 2.29 ZIF SOCKETS ZIF-14 5.95 ZIF-16 5.95 ZIF-20 6.95 2IF-24 7.95 ZIF-29 ZIF-40 IDC'S IDE20 .5 IDE34 ,8 IDS29 S IDS34 .7 IDB09P 1.3 IDB09S 1.4 IDB25P 2 J IDB25S 2.3 CABLES AND GENDER CHANGERS MOLDED; GOLD-PLATED CONTACTS; 100% SHIELDED CBL-PRNTBR 6 FT. PC PRINTER CABLE 9.95 CBL-PHNTR.25 28 FT. PC PRINTER CABLE 15.95 CBL-PRNTR-RA RIGHT ANGLE PRINTER CABLE 15.95 CBL-DB25-MM DB25 MALE-D825 MALE 8 FT 9.95 CBL-DB25-MF DB25 MALE-DB25 FEMALE 6 FT 9,95 CBL-9SERIAL 0B9 FEMALE-DB25 MALE 6 FT 6.95 CBL-KBD-EXT 5 FT. KEYBOARD EXTENSION 7,95 CBL-CNT-MM 36-PIN CENTRONICS -M/M 14.95 CBL-FDC-EXT 37-PIN EXT FLOPPY CABLE 9.95 CBL-MNT-9 9-PIN MONITOR EXTENSION 6.95 CBL-MNT-15 15-PIN MONITOR EXTENSION CABLE 9.95 CBL-MODEM MODEM -OB25-D825 FEMALE 6.95 GENDER-VGA DB9-DS IS ADAPTOR 4.95 GENDER-9-25 DB9-DB25 SERIAL ADAPTOR 4.95 PARTIAL LISTINGS ONLY— CALL FOR FREE 100-PG CATALOG! COPYRIGHT 1969 JOH MICRODEYICES ,I)H MICRO DEVI CtS AND THE JDR MICRODEVICES LDG0 ARE REGISTERED TRADEMARKS 0E JDR MOODE VICES IBM AT. PS'2 ARE TRAOEMARKS OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES 90 CIRCLE 113 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD DEALERS CIRCLE 170 DN FREE INFORMATION CARO 4800/2400 BAUD FAX/DATA MODEM $ 1X9 9S • FAX TRANSMISSION ONLY - 4800 BAUD FAX CAPABILITY TO ANY 6H0UP III FAX • 2400 BAUD V.22BIX DATA MO DC M| • KT/AT COMPATIBLE HALF CARD • MENU-DRIVEN SOFTWARE ■ MULTIPLE FAX TRANSMISSIONS TO GROUPED AODHESSES MCT-FAXM 2400 BAUD MODEM $89 95 ■ J400/1 20&300 BAUD ■ FULL HAYES COMPATIBILITY • CONF1SUREASCOMI.COM:. COM3 OR COM 4 • BUILT-IM SPEAKER • AUTO WAIT- FOB-DIAL TONE AND AUTO-HED1AL ■ PROCOMM COMMUNICATIONS SOFTWARE • MADE IN THE USA MCT-241 MCT-121 1200 BAUD INTERNAL MODEM $59-95 MINI UPRIGHT CASE 1,99 SMALL FOOTPRINT MINI-UPRIGHT FOR 8088 OR MINI 2B6/3S6 MOTHERBOARDS - HOOM FOH EXPANSION CARDS ■ HOLDS3 5-1/4 il 3-1/2 DRIVES (1/2 HT) - 200 WATT POWER SUPPLY ■ 2- DIGIT LED SPEED DISPLAY - 12-HXie-LXS-W CASE-120 UPRIGHT CASE $ 249 95 SPACE SAVING DESIGN HOLDS ALL SIZES OF MOTHEHBOARDS AND INCLUDES: • 250W POWER SUPPLY • MOUNTS FOR 3 FLOPPY & 4 HARD DRIVES • TURBO i RESET SWITCH ■ LED SPEED DISPLAY ■ POWER S DISK LEO'S • ALL HARDWARE. FACEPLATES i SPEAKER CASE-1 00 CASE-FLIP FOR 80BS MBS (39.95 CASE-SLIDE FOR 8068 MB-S $39.95 CASE-TO FOR 286 MBS $89.95 CASE-50 FOR MINI 2S« MO'S $59.95 CASE-JH MINI-2B6W150WPS $149.95 95 MODULAR PROGRAMMING SYSTEM MODULES USE A COMMON HOST ADAPTOR CARD- 1 SLOT PROGRAMS EPROMS. PROMS, PALS. MORE! HOST ADAPTOR CARD $29.95 • UNIVERSAL INTERFACE FOR ALL PROGRAMMING MODULES! ^^^^J" 1^^^. ■ SELECTABLE ADDRESSES I - J* ' "kV. PREVENTS CONFLICTS fM i ,1[ ^\ ■MOLDED CABLE '.,]' MOD. MAC rMBBBgW ^ UNIVERSAL . MODULE $499.95 • PROGRAMS EPROMS. EEPROMS. PALS. BIPOLAR PROMS. 8748 & 8751 SERIES DEVICES: 16VS AND 20V8 GALS {GENERIC ARRAY LOGIC) FROM LATTICE. NS. SGS - TESTS TTL CMOS. DYNAMIC £ STATIC RAMS ■ LOAD DISK. SAVE DISK, EDrT, BLANK CHECK, PROGRAM, AUTO. READ MASTER. VERIFY AND COMPARE ■TEXTOOL SOCKET FOR .3" -6"W. IC'S ( S-40 PINS) MOD-MUP EPROM MODULE $119.95 ■ PROGRAMS 24-32 PIN EPROMS, CMOS EPROMS & EEPROMS FROM16KTO 1024K ■ HEX TO OBJ CONVERTER -AUTO, BLANK CHECK/PROGRAM'VERIFY -VPP5, 12 5, 12.75, t3,21 X 25 VOLTS - NORMAL. INTELLIGENT. INTERACTIVE i QUICK PULSE PROGRAMMING ALGORITHMS MOO-MEP MOD-MEP-4 4-EPHOM PHOGRAMMER $169,95 MOO-MEP-8 8-EPROM PROGHAMMER $259.95 MOD-MEP-16 -6-EPFOM PROGRAMMER $499.95 OTHER MODULES MOD-MPL PAL MODULE $249.95 MOD-MIC DIGITAL TESTER MODULE $129.95 MOD-MBP BI-POLAR PROGRAMMING MODULE $259.95 MOD-MMP MICROPROCESSOR PROG, MODULE .... $179.95 MOD-MPL-SOFT CUPL SOFTWARE $99.95 VGA COMPATIBLE PACKAGE *499 9S • 720 X 540 MAX RESOLUTION, 640 X 4B0 IN 16 COLORS. 520 X 480 RESOLUTION IN 256 COLORS • IBM STYLE MONITOfl - VGA. EGA. CGA. AND MGA COMPATIBLE VGA-PKG (INCLUDES VGA CARD AND MONITOfl) VGA MONITOR $359. 95 ■ 14- ANALOG VGA • GLARE RESISTANT SCREEN • 720 X 480 ■ TILT/SWIVEL BASE • FRONT MOUNTED POWEH SWITCH vga-monttoh Delists multisynch $429.95 • FULL FEATURED MULTISCAN MONITOR WITH UNLIMITED COLORS • 1024 X 768 RESOLUTION. 14" NON-GLARE DISPLAY ■AUTO SWITCHING •TTUANALOG VIDEO INPUT J DR-MULT1 £CASPECIAL^ARD^MOmrOR^DS^473^ EGA-MONITOR 14- RGB MONITOR _ $339.95 NEC-MULTI-3D DIGITAL 1 024X760 RESOLUTION ... $649.95 JDR-MONO 12" TTL MONOCHROME GREEN .„... $69.95 J D R- AMBER 12~TTL monochrome, amber $69.95 III 1 1 II 1 1 1 II**""" 1 DUALITY 'KEYBOARDS STANDARD KEYBOARDS; BTC-5060 AUTOSENSE FOR XT/AT $59.95 MAX-5060 WITH TACTILE FEEDBACK „ __,.._... $64.95 ENHANCED KEYBOARDS: BTC-S939 AUTOSENSE FOR XT/ AT. AUTOHEPEAT $69.95 K103-A AUDIBLE "CLICK" STYLE $84.95 MAJC-5339 MAXI-SWITCH W/TACTILE FEEDBACK $84.95 HARD DISKS KITS 21.4 MB $ 199 21.4 MB *249 1 32.7 MB $ 219 32.1 MB $ 279 1 42.8MB $ 339 65.s mb $ 389 ^— ^ M m 80.2 MB 5 5^j fc^^J M H tin noon Ava - ™" omt " '"/"I tnCD FACtOH OKLY KIT KIT \\ 21.4MB 32.7MB RLL 42.BMB 65.SMB RLL SO 2MB 122.7MB RLL ST2I5 65 MS ST-23S ! 65 MS ST-251-1 28 MS ST-2TT-1 28 MS ST-409C 25 MS ST-41 44R 28 MS 5-1/4' 5-1/4- 5-114- S-1/4- S-1«" S-1/4- S1S9 S24S S1 13 S279 S339 S359 S339 $449 *56», — MM *75S ;::■:.- 1 $379 I (449 1 *54S I 1673 1 [859 I 21.4MB 32.1MB RLL ST- 125 ST-136 40 MS 40 MS 3-1/2- 3-i rr $99* S2S9 vm $338 $373 1 MM M ■^ 157.5MB ESDI DRIVE KIT $ 1049* MODULAR CIRCUIT TECHNOLOGY DRIVE CONTROLLERS: MCT-FOC MCT-FDC-HD MCT-HDC MCT-HLL MCT-FH MCT-AFH MCT-AFH-RLL FLOPPY DISK CONTROLLER 1 44MB FLOPPY CONTROLLER HARD DISK CONTROLLER RLL CONTROLLER FLOPPY/HARD CONTROLLER 286/3B6 FLOPPY/HARD 266/386 RLL CONTROLLER DISPLAY ADAPTOR CARDS: MCT-MGP MCT-CG MCT-EGA MCT-VGA-8 MCT-VGA-16 MCT-MGMIO MCT-MGAIO MONOCHROME GRAPHICS COLOR GRAPHICS ADAPTOR ENHANCED GRAPHICS ADAPTOR B-BIT VGA, ANALOG OUTPUT 16-BIT VGA. ANALOG OUTPUT MONOGHAPHICS MULTI I/O 2867386 MONOGRAPH ICS I/O MULTIFUNCTION CARDS: MCT-MIO M ULT1 lO FLOPPY CONTROLLER MCT-IO MULTI I/O CARD MCT-AMF 26&3B6 MULTIFUNCTION MCT-AIO 266'386 MULTI IIO CARD MEMORY CARDS: MCT-RAM 576K RAM CARD MCT-EMS EXPANDED MEMORY CARD MCT-AEMS 286J386 EMS CARD $29.95 $49.95 $79.95 $69.95 $139.95 $149.95 $199.95 $49.95 $44.95 $149.95 $169.95 $199.95 $119.75 $99.95 $79.95 $59.95 $139.95 $59.95 $49.95 $99.95 $129.95 400 DPI $ 199 95 ft- 1 - UP TO 400 DPI • 32 LEVELS OF GRAY SCALE- SPEED OVEHRUN WARNING LIGHT ■INCLUDES SCAN EDIT I AND DR. GENIUS SOFTWARE GS-4500 EPROM PROGRAMMER $129.95 ■ PROGRAMS 27XX AND 27XXX EPHOMS UP TO 27512 - SUPPORTS VARIOUS PROGRAMMING FORMATS 9 VOLTAGES ■ SPLIT OR - COMBINE CONTENTS OF SEVERAL EPROMS OF DIFFERENT SI2ES ■READ. WRITE. COPY, BLANK CHECK & VERIFY ■ SOFTWARE FOR HEX AND INTEL HEX FORMATS HOD-EPROM 9.1/4- HAM) DISK. FLOPPY HARD CONTROLLER, CABLES. HOUNTWO NAMWAJE I 3CFTWUK, 1B9-PKG £y^. 1.44MB 3-1/2" DRIVE $$$95 • ULTRA HIGH DENSITY ■ READ/WHITE 720K DISKS. TOO *H^^ - FDD-1.44X BLACK FACEPLATE 7!^^ FDD-1.44A BEIGE FACEPLATE FDD- 1.44 SOFT SOFTWARE DRIVER $19.95 1/3 HEIOHT FLOPPY DISK DRIVES: FD-55B 5-1/4- TEAC DS/0D 360K $99.95 FD-55G 5-1/4-TEAC DS/HD1.2M _ ..,$129.95 FOD-360 5-1/4- DS/DD 360K $69.95 FDD-1.2 5-1/4" DS/HD 1iM $95.95 MOTHERBOARDS 20MHZ3S6 $(+29 ■ 16720 MHZ *#4»«» ■ 16 MB RAM CAPACITY -8MB ON BOARD; OK!. S MB RAM CARD ■ USES 256K OR 1MB SIP RAMS ■ 8SLOTS:1X32-B1T RAM 2X 8-BIT 15X 16-BIT • MEMORV INTERLEAVING - AMI BIOS - XT-SIZE BOARD MCT-M386-20 MCT-C3B6-25 25MHZ MINI 366 W/CACH E „ $ 1 1 99.00 MCT-M386- M4 B MB H S y CA HD ! OK '■ $99.95 MCT-3S6MB20 10/20MHZ 386 $799.00 MCT-3S6MB25 1Q/25MHZ3S6 $999.00 10MHZ MINI-2S6 189 ■ AT COMPATIBLE ■ KEYBOARD SELECTABLE 6/1 0MHZ - EXPANDABLE TO 4MB ONBOAHO WITH 1 MB DRAMS (OK) ■ SIX 16-BIT, TW08-BIT SLOTS ■ AMI BIOS ■ LEDSUPPORT MCT-M2B6-10 MCT-M286-12 8/12MHZ MINi-286 $199.95 MCT-M286-16N 8/16MHZ266 $289.95 MCT-M286-20N 10720MHZ286 $389.95 MCT-XMB STANDARD 4 77MHZ 8088 $87,95 MCT-TURBO 4.77/BMHZ eosa $89.95 MCT-TURBO-10 4 77/IOMHZ SINGLE CHIP 8088 $99.95 f^>- LOGITECH MICE, m< - ■THREE-BUTTON SERIES Wfe, IflP/ltril "320 DPI RESOLUTION lllirillllll . SERIAL PS/2 COMPATIBLE. «^^ LOGC9 SERIAL MOUSE zT.. $98.95 LOGC9-C SERIAL (NOT PS3 COMPATIBLE) $79.95 LOGC9-P SERIAL MOUS E WITH PAINTSHOW „ $1 09.95 LOGC9-PC SERIAL MOUSE WITH PAINT/CAD $154.95 LOGB9 bus mouse $89.95 LOGB9-P BUSMOUSEWITHPAINTSH0W $104.95 LOGB9-PC BUS MOUSE WITH PAINT/CAD $149.95 VISA JDfl MICRDDEUICES, 2233 BRANHAM LANE. SAN JOSE 95124 LOCAL (408) 559-1200 FAX (408) 559-0250 TELEX 171-110 RETAIL STORE: 1256 S. BASCOM AVE., SAN JOSE, CA (408) 947-8881 HOURS: M-F 9-7 SAT. 9-5 SUN. 12-4 Terms TAniiTUfm order SlOOO For smppjng & ftandlmrj ificlude £3 iQ lor ground and 54 50 lor aif Ordtjr^ aver 1 lb arod lOiPign orders rrwiy requirr addmanal ^fupc cnarges -plraiP coniac I ine soles dcparimenl Tor I He jmounl CA rosidenT* ( include jipplicjihlr UlO lar. Prices subject la change wilMoul notice We ore not responsible for lypographejil eirors We reserve trie ng.ni lo rimit quantises and lo — -iiiNnrlLJurii All "><■< t liinirti se subject to pnqr sales A lull COpy ol Our ORDER TOLL FREE 800-538-5000 CUSTOMER SERVICE TOLL-FREE 800-538-5001 • TECHNICAL SUPPORT TOLL-FREE 800-538-5003 CIRCLE 113 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD DEALERS CIRCLE 170 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD VALUE-PRICED TEST EQUIPMENT ALL WITH A 2 YEAR WARRANTY! XT H99 95 3S MHZ DUAL TRACE OSCILLOSCOPE • WIDE BANC WIDTH ■ VARIABLE HOLDOFF MODEL-35DO (SHOWN) 20 MHZ OVAL TRACE OSCILLOSCOPE '389.95 • TV SYNC FILTER ■ COMPONENTS TESTEH MODEL 2000 THE ULTIMATE $ «A 95 3.5 DIGIT DMM 19 ■ BASIC DC ACCURACY ±0.25% • 31 RANGES ■ TEMP. TRANSISTORS RESISTANCE FEATURES DMM-300 (SHOWN) us mm FVU fVHCTtOti DMM '40.95 • BASIC DC ACCUHACY ±0.25% - 2J RANGES DMM-200 $49.95 3.5 DIGIT POCKET SIZE DMM i 29.95 • BASIC DC ACCUHACY ±0.5% ■ U RANGES DMM-100 s.s men probe type dmm *54 • AUtOHANGING - AC/DC 2V ■ SOW, • RESISTANCE: 2K-2M ■ 0PM- 1 000 (SHOWN) HIOH/LOW LOGIC PROBE ''17,95 • DETECTS TTUCMOS LOGIC STATES • MEMORY FUNCTION FREEZES DATA FOR LATER USE LP-2600 PULSER PROBE FOR QUICK DEBUGGING ! 1 9.95 \ ■ INJECTS PULSE INTO TEST CIRCUIT-VARIABLE WIDTH TTL DTL, TRL, HTL. HINIL. MOS, I CMOS COMPATIBLE LP-540 JIM'S BARGAIN HUNTERS CORNER Jim Wlanoti JDHj vp Sifei FACTORY REFURBISHED VGA PACKAGE $ 349P S 92 IF NEW $499.95 SAVE S150 ON THE MONITOR AND 8- BIT CARD! - HIGH RESOLUTION COLOR ANALOG MONITOR HAS AUTO SWITCHING FOR VGA. EGA. CGA, MDA , HOC • VGA STANDARD WO X 400 IN 16 OUT OF 256 COLORS ■ 32OX200 RESOLUTION IN 256 COLORS FROM A PALETTE OF 262.000 ■ SOFTWARE DRIVERS FOR MICROSOFT WINDOWS AUTOCAD. LOTUS 1-2-3* SYMPHONY. DIGITAL RESEARCH GEM ANO VENTURA PUBLISHER . JUMPER AND SWITCH-FREEB-BrT VGA CARD FOR EASY INSTALLATION ■ FULL REGISTER BIOS AND INTERFACE COMPATI- BILITY: 256 VIDEO RAM R/VG A-PKG EXPIRES l;30 » JDR Microdevices 2233 BRANHAM LANE SAN JOSE. CA 95124 ORDER TOLL-FREE 800-538-5000 LOCAL (408) 559-1200 CUSTOMER SERVICE 800 539 5001 TECH SUPPORT BOO 538 5002 FAX (4081 559-0250 CIRCLE 113 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD DEALERS CIRCLE 170 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD ADVERTISING INDEX RADIO-ELECTRONICS does not assume any responsibility for errors that may appear in the index below. Free Information Number Page 108 AMC Sales 14 201 Ace Communications 17 75 Ace Products 21 107 All Electronics 89 — Amazing Concepts 84 77 B&K Precision CV4 67 Banner Technical Books 62 98 Beckman Industrial 31 109 C&S Sales ,32 70 CEI 83 — CIE 15 203 Cable Network 84 — Command Productions 68 187 Communications Specialists 58 58 Cook's Institute 30 200 D&D ELECTRONICS .14 127 Deco Industries 21 82 Digi-Key 88 178 Electronic Goldmine 24 190 Electronics Book Club 13 121 Fluke Manufacturing CV2 192 Global Specialities 5 — Grantham College 20 86 Heathkit 31 188 1CS Computer Training 18 199 International Components Corp. . 84 113,170 JDR Microdevices 90-92 114 Jameco 86 104 Jan Crystals 18 179 Jinco Computers 78 202 Joseph Electronics 17 — King Wholesale 78 53 MD Electronics 81 93 Mark V. Electronics. 83 — McGraw Hill Book Club 26 61 Microprocessors Unitd 71 193 Movie Time 25 — NRI Schools 8 195 Optoelectronics 85 — Pacific Cable 79 56 Parts Express 81 194 Print Products International 24 78 Radio Shack .7 196 SCO Electronics 19 176,177 Sencore 23, CV3 — Star Circuits 30 83 Synergetics 60 191 TECI 58 123,186 Test Probes 3 250-253 Test Probes 3 198 Unicorn 80 197 U.S. Cable TV 19 64 Video-Link 82 184 Viejo Publications 62 185 WPT Publicatons 58 Gernsback Publications, Inc. 50O-B Bi County Blvd. Farmingdale, NY 11735 1(516) 293 3000 President: Larry Stockier Vice President: Cathy Steckler For Advertising ONLY 516-293-3000 Fan 1-516-293-3115 Larry Steckler publisher Arline Fish man advertising director Denise Haven advertising assistant Christina Estrada advertising associate Lisa Strassmari credit manager SALES OFFICES EAST/SOUTHEAST Stanley Levitan Eastern Sales Manager Radio -Electronics 259-23 57th Avenue Little Neck. NY 1 1362 1-718-428-6037, 1-516-293-3000 Ml DWEST/Texas/ Arkansas/ Okla. Ralph Bergen Midwest Sales Manager Radio- Electronics 540 Frontage Road — Suite 339 Northfield, IL 60093 1-312-446-1444 Fan 1-312-446-8451 PACIFIC COAST/ Mountain States Marvin Green Pacific Sales Manager Radio-Electronics 5430 Van Nuys Blvd. Suite 316 Van Nuys, CA 91401 1-818-986-2001 Fai 1-818-986-2009 Introducing The SG80 AM Stereo-FM Stereo Analyzer m Now For The First Time, A High-Performance AM Stereo (C-QUAM/ - FM Stereo Analyzer integrated into One Unit, Allowing You To Performance Test, Troubleshoot, And Align To Manufacturers' Requirements iE=MGOF«S H f.W MM SIGNAL M««« aEFM M #°« W0TlP, B F* ■»?*«*»» . . Ill* PtBHWOl** 1 ** WOfflHM**™ " 1» .SS*EE>" ¥ ..^ES^^.^* " $3,535 Patented Licensed Under Motorola Patent No. 4,218,586 Complete AM Stereo-FM Stereo Analyzer-exceeds manufacturers' requirements. Patented FM analyzing signals isolate any FM receiver detect. Exclusive integrated AM Stereo C-QUAM analyzer. Digitally accurate performance tests meet EIA/IHF requirements. i Exclusive, tuneable FM-IF Sweep and Markers-aligns all IF stages. ' Expandable FM features for future service needs, plus SCA compatible. > Twice the capability for less than 1/2 the cost of stand-alone instruments. C-QUAM is a registered trademark of Motorola. I 3200 Sencoro Drive, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57107 Call 1-800-SENCORE (736-2673) CIRCLE 176 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD Ask About A WDay Video Preview tech tape' LIVE ACTION Catch all the action with the new B&K-PRECISION 2522 Digital/Analog oscilloscope. The new B&K-PRECISION Model 2522 is a full-feature analog scope for live action and a DSO for stop action. ■ Full analog and digital operation. ■ 20MHz analog operation . ■ 10 MS/second sampling rate on 1 or 2 channels. ■ Equivalent time sampling to 20MHz. ■ 2 k memory per channel Pre-trigger capture. A touch of a button switches the 2522 from analog to digital operation. It's an easy-to-operate scope with the performance you need, at a price you'll like. Don't let the action pass you by. The 2522 will put you on the fast track for performance and results. For immediate delivery or complete specifications, contact your local B&K-PRECISION distributor. *1495